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What Happens When Street Children Cannot Attend School? The School Comes To Them In A Bus!

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Education is every child’s right. But sadly, many street children do not have access to that. Mukti Gupta started an NGO ‘Help Us Help Them’ which reaches out to street children through a school on wheels. The children are given vocational training, and not only this, the students are also provided nutritious food to keep them healthy! Learn more about this unique effort.

The wheels of this bus don’t just go round and round but also go up and up. Confused? Yes, this is the specialty of Mukti Gupta’s innovative social venture – a mobile school initiative in the city of joy, Kolkata. The school, launched in January 2013, is literally reaching out to street children to ensure that they are able to stand on their own feet in the future and rise both socially and economically.

Mukti's mission is to make these lesser privileged children as good as the mainstream ones.

Mukti’s mission is to make these lesser privileged children as accomplished as the mainstream ones.

The driving force behind this school on wheels, Mukti, hails from an affluent family business with business interests in aviation, real estate, telecommunication and software development. Mukti’s company itself is a grandiose one owning the Hotel Park Plaza of international repute and the extremely popular and swanky entertainment hub, Muktiworld.

So what led her from dealing with the creamy layer of the society to reaching out to the underprivileged and neglected zones, where even the common man would not take a second look? The miserable conditions of the poor came knocking on the car window of this corporate honcho, with a street urchin asking for alms. It was then that she decided to do something that would help them.

Signing off cheques to NGOs working for underprivileged children could have been an easier option, but that was not the solution for Mukti. And this time, she was more keen to go for a lasting solution rather than a temporary option. She says, “It has always been my wish to help the underprivileged children in the field of education; I believe that education is the only way to give them a better future.” She gathered some like-minded and enthusiastic friends to form an NGO Help Us Help Them, and launched a school in Mullickpur.

Her family, though initially skeptical, gave a thumbs up to her dream project that was all set to realize the dreams of the children. She says: “My family has always been supportive about my decisions and my ideas. They have been the pillar of strength for me, and it is because of them that I have come so far.”

However, the dream that had been sketched out only in her mind and on paper, had to be realized, after negating several adversities. And that she did with her positive determination and sharp business acumen, probably inherited for an active cause.

Seats of the bus have been removed to make space for a 175 square feet large classroom.

The school set up by Mukti now gets over 200 admissions and students are taught using innovative techniques

Her journey of launching her school on wheels project could have made for a motivational Hindi film script where the hero fights off all the impossible-seeming obstacles in the most ingenious and smooth manner. The film might have had a happy conclusion. But the situation was comparatively more tense, as when the engines started sounding, there was an anti-climactic turnout of only 2 children at her school in Mullickpur.

So was this highly ambitious Help Us Help Them project about to prove the detractors correct? Gupta worked tenaciously on promoting the school, and with time and sweat, successfully recorded more than 200 admissions. To make her school stand out, she had her teachers trained in Advanced Mental Arithmetic gratis from the Malaysia-based UCMAS.

She set up a six-machine computer lab in association with NIIT. Understanding the importance of extra-curricular activities and sports, she even started a swimming facility in the nearby pond with swimming classes conducted under the supervision of a national swimming coach, Bishwajit Choudhury. In fact, talented children identified in the sport could either qualify for district level championship or make it to good schools with sports quota.

After setting up such unique institutions of education, Mukti went forth with her mobile School on Wheels project, wherein the educational institution actually rode down to cater to the poverty-stricken children.

The fuel of patience and persistence was added to keep the gears of the project moving. She wrote to several corporate organizations for the take off of her mobile educational school bus.

To start with, I wrote a letter to the person managing the Tata Motors CSR practice in Mumbai and then from one person to the other till they termed my idea as “crazy”. The result was the cheque which I received from them as their 50 percent contribution. Oriental Bank of Commerce also contributed towards 40 percent of the costs. The remaining was contributed by family and friends. So this is how we started off,” Mukti recalls.

Today, the bus that has been contributed by Tata Motors and converted completely into a school on the inside, stands proudly at its resting point at Sealdah station, outside Park Circus Maidan. Throughout the day, it is busy visiting various colonies and collecting street children for their ‘school time’.

Help Us Help Them also gives vocational training to the children.

Students are taught swimming by national level coach, Bishwajit Choudhary at a nearby pond.

Mukti cites, “Our objective is to bridge the gap between, the mainstream education and street children. Our target segment is basically the slum / street children from various age groups.”

The features of this mobile school bus that make it so striking, are many. To make way for a spacious classroom environment inside the bus, the seats have been removed. You would thus be greeted by a 175 sq ft classroom, looking bright with chowkis for the children to work and study and informative posters all around. An impressive plasma TV hangs on the wall to enable audio-visual learning.

“We have given the bus a classroom look with no seats and with proper carpet flooring. We have installed an LCD set to utilize A/V teaching tools. To make the classroom more  child-friendly and attractive, there are a lot of soft toys and games & puzzles. The bus exterior is very creatively and colorfully done. We follow the West Bengal board’s syllabus and also teach them with the help of audio-visuals to make learning a fun experience for them,” Mukti explains.

Apart from academics, vocational training is imparted, partly as an incentive for the children to join, and partly to make them ready to stand on their own feet financially sooner and to be able to live a life of dignity. The children are also provided nutritious food to keep them going physically and make them more regular in attending school.

Mukti elaborates, “We provide them with health drinks and food which they are otherwise deprived of. This makes them regular to the school. We make our classroom interesting by showing them cartoons, kid’s movies, rhymes & stories. We also take them for excursions .”  Ayahs (helpers) have been appointed to ensure to scrub clean the children daily and put on their school uniforms before starting with their classes.

There are approximately 30-35 students per batch and around 100 students are taught in a day. Students have been divided into various batches and every batch has 1 teacher to assist them. There are 3 teachers, 2 nannies (ayahs) and 1 driver per location. Students are taught according to their age and their class education standard. The nannies help students maintain hygiene and cleanliness.

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The seats of the bus have been removed to create a 175 sq ft classroom

The parents of the street children attending this unique school, were initially skeptical about sending their children here, but have now become active supporters and motivators of this cause. Says Mukti about convincing parents, “We visit the parents regularly to curb dropouts and to explain the improvement in the children’s education.” While talking about the main target audience of this mega project, i.e the street children, Mukti says,

For them it is like a dream because their usual life is very different from what they experience inside the bus and their school. They wait for their school to come to them…  Further, we also provide them with vocational training like clay painting, music, drawing etc which can help them earn a living.”

The unusual education drive is already en-route to success as two students have been admitted in a boarding school and a few students have been selected for government schools. Another good news is that the Oriental Bank of Commerce has already announced a year-long support for the mobile school. Mukti hopes to expand the reach and facilities with the monetary support. “We are planning to launch 2 more buses so that we can reach out to larger numbers and more locations, and educate more children,” says Mukti.

The school operates from Monday to Saturday  at 3 locations – Raja Bazaar from 9 am- 11.30 am , Park Circus from 12.30pm – 3.30 pm  and Southern Avenue from 4 pm – 6.30pm. Today, the bus brakes only to either pick up the children from the designated school stops or to take a breather at the end of a busy day at Sealdah station. Clearly, Mukti’s mobile school bus is going full steam ahead!

You too can support Mukti in this brilliant initiative by getting in touch with her at muktigup@gmail.com.

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia).

Ipsita Sarkar is a freelance writer.

An Interactive Course Which Is Teaching Communal Harmony And Conflict Resolution To Kids

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Here’s an interesting curriculum that enables kids to respect each other’s identity and make a sound judgement without getting influenced from the society. From using multimedia tools to using literary pieces and films, Peace Works is covering many grounds to create a more inclusive future.

Be it the anti-Sikh riots of 1984, where thousands of Sikhs lost their lives and homes. Or the deadly Gujarat communal violence in 1969, which continued for weeks and left hundreds and thousands of Hindus and Muslims homeless, dead and injured. Or the India-Pakistan partition, which still evoke pain in the heart of those who witnessed it. Or even the recent Muzzafarnagar riots in 2013. Communal riots have been a black spot on the nation’s history for centuries.

When Gujarat saw yet another deadly riot in 2002 after the Godhara train burning incident which changed tens of thousands of lives, a group of people decided to deal with the never-ending saga of violence.

As a result, PeaceWorks initiative was launched in 2003, to impart education to people with differences and make kids understand the importance of respecting others’ identity through art.

Peace Works use interesting medium like arts to spread awareness about communal harmony.

Peace Works use interesting medium like arts to spread awareness about communal harmony.

“Art, because it is a medium through which kids can understand each other’s landscapes and identity. Art is beyond boundaries and friction, and can create empathy in hearts,” says Megha Malhotra, director, PeaceWorks.

This Kolkata-based initiative, which is part of an NGO, Seagull India, aims at discovering and disseminating ways of existing in this world in a manner that is not in conflict with other ways of existence.

What do they do?

PeaceWorks’ mission is to sensitize people about the wars and riots that are happening around them and how they can play a vital role in ending them. The initiative also helps young minds to understand that there is a need to co-exist and respect other mindsets.

To accomplish this goal, they have designed a special curriculum that is taught in schools during regular hours. From organizing workshops to using different multimedia audio visual tools and literature to spread awareness about various issues, PeaceWorks is all about making these young people speak up and frame the right mindset which is beyond religious pressure.

“The idea is to encourage students to look around, be observant and make a sound judgement,” says Malhotra.

Peace Works has also initiated some inter country communication projects.

Peace Works has also initiated some inter country communication projects.

Unlike a majority of initiatives which focus on underprivileged children, 90 percent of PeaceWorks’ focus is on mainstream kids. “We focus on these kids as there are already many programmes that are reaching out to underprivileged students. We want to equip these kids with the power to bring a change,” Malhotra says.

Giving exposure to lesser discussed topics

One of the programmes of PeaceWorks involves taking literary pieces to young people. Screening of films and documentaries that revolve around sensitive and critical issues is used as an important tool to change the mindset of the youth.

The PeaceWorks team has designed a special curriculum that enables a student to look at various issues of the society in a different way and to frame his or her opinion on that without getting influenced by others.

For instance, as part of their oral history project, 560 letters from Pakistan arrived in India in reply to Indian students’ letters, with an aim to building bridges between the two nations and communities.

Golpo Mela to make learning fun

This festival of stories was launched in order to celebrate Children’s Day in a different way. The carnival not only brings together volunteers who narrate stories to the street children, but the Mela also has exhibitions, musical performances, painting and entertaining through various art forms.

Golpo Mela brings together kids from different schools.

Golpo Mela brings together kids from different schools.

“This mela was launched with an objective of bringing together kids from various backgrounds and making them understand each other’s lifestyle,” Malhotra explains. “When we think about our childhood, we still remember the stories our grandmother and mother told us. They lie within us and leave a great impact. We feel that storytelling is a great tool to bring a change.”

The carnival acts as a tool to narrate stories and develop imagination and confidence among the children.

The Challenges

The biggest challenge that PeaceWorks faces today is access to funds. As the programme is free of cost for all the students and they don’t have any external funding, it becomes a struggle to sustain it in a proper way. “We are open to partnerships and funding. Any kind of help will give a great push to our cause,” says Malhotra.

The impact

PeaceWorks has reached out to tens of thousands of students so far and the impact has been seen in the attitude of the children. “It is very hard to measure the impact because it is a long-term process and will show results over time,” Malhotra says.

The PeaceWorks team measures the impact by observing behaviour patterns of the students. For instance, at a party a common game which is played by everyone is Khoi Bag. The team observes how a student reacts in the game and then, in the break time, a story is narrated and the game is played again. The team then notices whether a student is more kind and willing to share his or her stuff with other participants.

This is one of the many methodologies used by PeaceWorks to measure the impact of various activities that they perform with the kids.

“I remember three years back I went to Assam for a workshop and received an overwhelming response from the kids. Two girls came to me and asked me about our work and showed interest in joining us. I thought that they were enthusiastic then and might forget about it as they move on in life. But after finishing their school, they came to Kolkata and were right there at our doorstep to be part of our team. I was moved to see their commitment. Both these girls have been closely associated with our work since then,” Malhotra remembers.

What does the future hold?

Currently operational largely in Kolkata, and having organized workshops in some part of Assam and Bangalore, PeaceWorks plans to expand to other cities and engage with a larger number of students.

We are very keen on expanding our work to North-east India and other parts of the sub-continent like Karachi and Bangladesh,” Malhotra says.

The small team of five that works with around 20 volunteers also wants to create a standard model of curriculum that can be replicated by other organizations.

From young kids to teenagers, peace Works reaches out to a wide range of students,

From young kids to teenagers, peace Works reaches out to a wide range of students,

How can you help?

In case you are in Kolkata, you can become a volunteer at PeaceWorks and help them organize various interesting workshops and sessions. Otherwise, you can provide monetary help to the organization which will enable them to expand their area of work to other cities and countries.

Want to know more about them? Contact Paroma Sengupta from Peaceworks at – paroma999@yahoo.com

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia)

VIDEO: These Tribals Saw Electricity For The First Time And Their Reaction Is Priceless

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A remote village in West Bengal had never seen light. Then this organization came and gave the villagers a life that they had only dreamed of. Watch the amazing video of what happens next.

Ayodhya Hills in West Bengal had never seen electricity. The Santhal tribe there always lived in darkness and did not know if the situation would ever change.

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The village has no proper road connectivity to the cities and it takes at least two to three hours even to reach a nearby hospital in case of emergencies.

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If anyone ever visits the much ignored village, the villagers assume them to be journalists who will bring change in their poor state. Their eyes brighten up with hope but nothing ever changed so far.

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And then Milaap .org went to the village, stayed there and did what the villagers had only dreamt of.

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They not only brought light in the dark lives but changed the atmosphere of the community through their simple intervention.

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Watch the inspiring video here -

The video was created by Ruchir Saraf and first published by Milaap here.

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia).

How Women In The Sundarbans Constructed Over 10 Kms Of Brick Roads Connecting Their Villages

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These women of rural West Bengal took matters into their own hands and constructed roads to provide accessibility and connectivity to their remote villages. Know more about these amazing ladies and their extraordinary work.

Colonypara is just another nondescript village that dots the verdant Sundarbans region of South 24 Paragana district in West Bengal. Until a few years back, this small, remote hamlet in the Nafarjung gram panchayat was completely cut off from the outside world.

Being surrounded by a network of crisscrossing estuaries and tidal rivers, it was not uncommon for the narrow, unpaved lanes here to get inundated, forcing those who dared to venture out once in a while to brace themselves for a long hike through squishy, soft muddy pathways. Getting to the main road, which led to the block headquarters at Basanti, was truly a tough call and so everyone was resigned to living a life of confinement.

Fortunately for everyone though, those dark days are well in the past now and it is the hard work, enterprise and the able leadership of local women, spread across 15 riverine villages in the area, that has made all the difference.

Over the last four years, they have joined hands to build more than 10 kilometres of brick roads, connecting several previously inaccessible villages, which have withstood the ravages of floods and disastrous cyclones that are frequent in this vast tract of forest and saltwater swamp.

Women of Colonypara village in the Sunderbans region have joined hands to build more than 10 kilometres of brick roads connecting several previously inaccessible villages. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)

Women of Colonypara village in the Sunderbans region have joined hands to build more than 10 kilometres of brick roads connecting several previously inaccessible villages. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)

“It was as if we were existing all by ourselves in a small world of our own,” remarks Lotika Sarkar, 23, whose husband has migrated to Andaman and Nicobar Islands to work as a migrant labourer. In his absence, she runs the household and single-handedly takes care of her eight-year-old daughter, Ankita, who is presently studying in Class Two.

When in 2010, World Vision, an international humanitarian organisation, had started work in the region and motivated the women in the community to helm the initiative of building roads, Sarkar had immediately come forward to offer her services. After all, she had already suffered enough due to this crucial lack of connectivity.

When she was due to have her baby, it had been virtually impossible for the young mother to travel to a health centre for an institutional delivery. So the child was born at home in the wee hours without any proper medical assistance. It had been a difficult time for Sarkar and she had very nearly lost her infant. “In fact, due to heavy rains and flooding I could not go anywhere for almost a month after she was born,” recalls the frail woman.

Of course, that was not the end of the road (pun intended) for her problems. Once Ankita was ready to go to school Sarkar enrolled her at the nearby Debnagar Colony Primary School. But it was one rough walk to class for the little one. For days together, especially when the weather was inclement, she would not be able to reach on time and her mother used to live in constant dread of her name being struck off from the roster.

Not just Sarkar but other women, too, talk about how their children had not been able to avail of the much-needed health and nutrition services provided by the government under the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) or go to school due to the non-existent roads.

Parul Mondol, 45, who helped in the construction of the brick road, is happy that the villagers now have access to schooling, healthcare and many other government facilities. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)

Parul Mondol, 45, who helped in the construction of the brick road, is happy that the villagers now have access to schooling, healthcare and many other government facilities. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)

Indeed, communities in both Nafargunj and Jharkhali, the two main gram panchayats in Basanti block, have to anyway contend with their share of challenges and, previously, the poor roads used to only add to their burdens. Jharkhali, on the south west coast of River Bidyadhari, is the starting point of the Sundarban Forest Reserve Area and infamous for incidents of vicious wildlife attacks.

Besides this, the absence of proper means of livelihood has ensured that most families here are living in abject poverty. Nafarjung gram panchayat, on the other hand, is situated next to the Malta and Bidyadhari rivers and is extremely prone to devastating floods and cyclones. Fishing used to be the only source of income generation before the neat brick lanes were meticulously laid down.

“This is why when activists of World Vision came to the village and proposed a plan to make roads. I jumped at the chance to bring about a positive change,” says Sarkar, who has never gone beyond Basanti even today.

The process of change began four years back. With valuable planning and financial assistance from World Vision, the community took complete charge of implementing the project, chalking out a roadmap to get things done.

Whereas the NGO organised the supply of bricks, people chipped in by donating their labour. The 15-feet-wide bylanes were made in two stages. At first, a layer of flat bricks was laid down on the muddy surface and fixed with sand made of brick particles and clay. After this dried out, a second layer of bricks was affixed on top to provide strength and smoothen the surface.

Women had come out in large numbers to serve as everyday labour during the building process. They would queue up every morning to pass on the bricks to the masons. Some even helped in laying down the bricks.

Lotika Sarkar, 23, who could not reach a health centre for an institutional delivery due to lack of connectivity, now energetically guides her friends in laying bricks for the road. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)

Lotika Sarkar, 23, who could not reach a health centre for an institutional delivery due to lack of connectivity, now energetically guides her friends in laying bricks for the road. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)

Nowadays, they are completely in-charge of the maintenance and repair work – to fix broken corners and holes they mix brick sand with mud and fill the gaps. Apart from this, they efficiently monitor that no one plies a heavy motor vehicle in these lanes.

“In this flood affected delta region, it is difficult to lay brick lanes. The earth is soft and needs regular upkeep and maintenance, a task that the womenfolk have taken up earnestly,” says Apam Satshang, Project Coordinator-Basanti Development Area, World Vision. He adds, “We needed professional masons initially to build these roads and the villagers generated a small fund to pay them for the work and guidance. It has created a tremendous sense of ownership and bonding in the community.”

Bhavesh Das, the community development coordinator for World Vision as well as a community leader who led the project in his gram panchayat, shares, “This is a continuous process. Till now, we have constructed more than 18 such roads in the vicinity connecting 15 villages. This has improved the quality of life of more than 4,500 families.”

For Kavita Patro, 35, from Colonypara, walking on a brick road is a dream come true. “I had come to this village 15 years ago as a young bride. In all these years, though, I only visited my parent thrice. Wading through kilometres of mud and water to reach the nearest bus stop was next to impossible. It’s a very different story these days. My daughter rides a bicycle everyday to her high school, which is located five kilometres from the village,” she reveals, as a bright smile lights up her face.

With good roads, things have become much easier for women. “Our menfolk usually migrate for work to the nearby cities and are not around for months together. The day-to-day activities of the household and responsibility of the family falls squarely on our shoulders. The roads have finally given us access to schooling, healthcare and many other government facilities. I remember how none of us could ever opt for institutional deliveries although we have decided that from this time on, all women will go to the hospital located 16 kilometres away,” says Parul Mondol, 45, a mother of three married sons. Mondal’s two daughters-in-law could not be ferried to a health centre for their first deliveries but she is determined to take them to one the next time around.

As they walk briskly or ride their bicycles down these brick lanes, there is a palpable feeling of excitement and achievement around them. “These roads have given us freedom and the promise of a better life,” concludes Sarkar.

(This article is part of  U.N. Women’s Empowering Women — Empowering Humanity: Picture It! campaign in the lead-up to Beijing+20.)

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia).

Written by Saadia Azim for Women’s Feature Service (WFS) and republished here in arrangement with WFS.

MY STORY: I Saw How 3000 Children Who Were Born Deaf Could Now Communicate With Their Parents

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If you thought just providing hearing aids to the deaf could help them hear, you thought wrong. So did Elita Almeida until she met this Kolkata-based NGO, which seems to have cracked the right model to deal with deafness in an effective way.

Until then no one knew she was pregnant. She didn’t know she was pregnant. She didn’t even know what being pregnant meant.

Because, as someone who is deaf, not only her vocabulary but also her ability to associate with the world around her was enormously limited.

She was pregnant because she had been raped. That’s when Brinda Crishna found her.

What is it like to be trapped in a world where you have no way of discerning good from bad, wrong from right – only because you cannot hear the spoken word? What is it like to not know that red implies stop/danger or that friendship is a bond that exists with people outside one’s family? What is it like to not understand these references and broader contexts?

Fortunately, deafness can be remedied if detected early. Unfortunately our systems aren’t adequately in place to ensure it happens all of the time.

A-community-based-screening-camp-in-Topsia-slum-in-Kolkata

A-community-based-screening-camp-in-Topsia-slum-in-Kolkata

Imagine an infant wailing in the cradle while the mother’s perhaps in the kitchen or just out of eyesight. The mother does her best and responds by calling out to reassure her little one that she’s around. An infant who can hear might be placated after constantly hearing a familiar voice. Now imagine the plight of an infant who cannot hear. What becomes of their sense of emotional security?

Did you know that an undiagnosed child at 3 years will know 25 words as compared to the 1000+ words for a hearing child of the same age? I did not.

I struggled to listen as I tried to shrug the shivers racing down my spine. I was in Kolkata, as a part of my fellowship at SocialCops, talking to Sandhya Srinivasan and Marissa Dunne at Vaani.

Founded by Brinda Crishna, Vaani is an NGO based out of Kolkata that calls itself a ‘deaf children’s foundation’.

A session on signing with Parents at Assam

A session on signing with parents at Assam

The instance of the wailing infant made it apparent to me how parents (and their ability to communicate) are critical for the emotional security of a deaf child. It was very reassuring to learn then that Vaani works not only with the children but also their parents to help improve communication between the two – whether through sign language, speech or a combination of the two – depending on how severe the impairment is.

This is crucial because of our misconceptions (stemming largely from our ignorance) that further serve to only trivialise the issue. Take for instance the belief that merely providing hearing aids will resolve the issue. For one, at times these are of substandard quality. And secondly, a hearing aid amplifies sound. For a person who has been deaf all along (depending on the intensity of their impairment) and is therefore not used to hearing sound, the sudden noise can be a scary new experience!

Just because they can hear something does not imply that they can now understand it. It’s like a pair of spectacles can help restore vision but if a person isn’t literate, it won’t enable them to read.

Vaani runs what it calls Sadhan Centres – a model centre to demonstrate good practices. These are located in the communities themselves making it easier for families to access them without feeling overawed.

So all is not bleak for these children. Through sustained efforts with its community mobilizers, Vaani has reached out to over 3,000 deaf children and their families across the states of West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Gujarat, Karnataka, Mizoram and Jharkhand.

A family day being celebrated with  deaf children and their families in Kolkata as part of Deaf awareness week.

A family day being celebrated with deaf children and their families in Kolkata as part of Deaf awareness week.

To make possible the effective delivery of on-ground services across all program areas, Vaani not only has a robust model but also a good monitoring and evaluation system in place. As a result, they are able to track the progress of the children they work with directly and indirectly (through partners) over a sustained period of time.

According to Marissa, “Since part of Vaani’s macro level efforts has been to collect data and statistics on childhood deafness and share this with stakeholders and policy makers, we hope that piloting ‘Collect’ as a tool would enable us to further highlight the needs of deaf children and gaps in specialized services across the country. Additionally, the tool would help to track progress being made by individual children and capture best practices with regards to innovative teaching methodologies which could be replicated by other government and non-government partners thereby improving the overall quality of deaf education in India.”

The full fruition of these endeavours, however, is best summed up in that instant where a child who was born deaf is able to communicate back with their now too-moved-for-words parents!

A Parents skills training session at VAANI's Sadhan centre, Kolkata.

A Parents skills training session at VAANI’s Sadhan centre, Kolkata.

This somehow reminds me of what Sabriye Tenberken, co-founder of Braille Without Borders who I had had the opportunity of interacting with in 2009, had said, “We are all disabled in a way – wrong calculations, big feet, runny nose…from a bird’s point of view we are all disabled.”

– Elita Almeida

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia).

About the author: Elita Almeida is an Indian female (solo) traveller. She recently quit her 9-6 job and am currently a Fellow with SocialCops undertaking a 6 month journey where she’s traveling India taking technology to the grassroots. Current location: Bihar, India. She blogs on http://www.nomadicthunker.blogspot.in/ & tweets at @NomadicThunker.

MY VIEW: 5 Life Lessons I Got From Piku

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In the MY VIEW section, we highlight some of the most pertinent and interesting letters and opinions sent to us by our readers. Have something to say? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com with “MY VIEW” in the subject line.

The release of ‘Piku’ has stirred many dominant emotions in the people of India. Suddenly there seems to be a wave vocally declared opinions, which were felt before, but never spoken out loud. Through Piku, India is learning life lessons. 

It indeed is a blessed time for the world of Hindi cinema, where the new breed of female actors of the likes of Deepika Padukone are not thinking even twice before stepping out of their comfort zones and dabbling in various social subjects. ‘Piku’ is one such significant milestone in the world of Hindi cinema, where the story of the amazing chemistry between a father and a daughter has been told in such a nice way that the rug that has been woven out of it showcases amazing tapestry.

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Credit: Filmi Beat

Piku, along with being a critically acclaimed film, has also been a resounding commercial and has, undeniably, provided us with valuable lessons of life. So, here are the lessons that I learnt after watching Piku:

1. A father CAN have a conversation with his daughter regarding sexual intercourse, sans inhibitions

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Credit: Sahara Samay

When was the last time that a father talked about the sexual life of his adult daughter in a deadpan manner? Perhaps never in the history of all of Hindi cinema or, for that matter, in any kind of cinema, has a father been seen to be talking about such matters as it has been done in Piku. In what seems to be a bold step forward, the director Shoojit Sircar has deconstructed the notions associated with sexual preferences and has tried to highlight the fact that a healthy indulgence in sexual activities is also an important part of the growth process of an individual. He has, in fact, in a subtle manner also tried to deal with the ‘deathblow notion’ of the loss of virginity of a female and has used the support of a father, in the form of Big B, to underline his point. Sex is a need, rather than being something else as it has been construed to be, and the way it has been dismissively expressed in Piku, makes it a watershed film.

2. Never Forget Your Roots

piku2

Photo source: apne.tv

In our zeal to ‘grow up’ we often forget our native roots and become shoots without any identity. If one wishes to have an identity and a source of strength, one needs to return to one’s roots which could be anywhere, but it is imperative that the memories associated with growing process be revisited. Association with roots manifests itself through the songs of Big B and Deepika Padukone in the native language of their characters, wherein they drop their inhibitions and dance. Such a scene underlines the fact that one should continue to maintain links with the music and other forms of expressions of their culture, because such expressions have a sense of richness which defines and adds, as they say, ‘the tadka of sarson’ or the tangy mustard to life. Sircar also emphasized upon the importance of association with the roots through the sheer joy of Big B’s character on receiving his favourite newspaper from his native place, one month after its publication.

3. Travel and Explore the World, especially with the Elders

piku1

It has always been said that we tend to re-discover our self if we move away from the structured existence that we have adapted our self to and, it is these deviations which bring a different perspective to our entire existence. It is important to travel with the elders as they tend to drop their natural reticence and regale one with the memories from the past that could then become a part of one’s memory for times to come. Sircar portrays this through the beautiful character of Big B who opens up once the travel to Kolkata becomes a reality.

4. Children must make Compromises in order to take care of the Elders

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There is a scene which depicts Piku dropping all her tasks, even though in a meeting, because a call arrives from her father, regardless of the fact that they both share a bitter relationship and there is no indication of love in it. The care, which seems to stem from its ideation to fruition, is what drives the new expression to their relationship. Piku provides a fresh insight for the present generation into the line of sacrifice between blossoming careers and time with the parents.

Piku also has created a new benchmark for a mother-son relationship, which has been treated like an iron fist in a velvet glove. Here is a mother-son duo who is at loggerheads with each other, owing to a mother who is more concerned about her daughter than her son, because the daughter is a divorcee. Such a situation is indeed becoming a way of life in India of late, where both the relationships – of a son with his mother and of a daughter with her father – feel pangs of frost bites in them.

5. When Shit Happens, It Has To Be Deconstructed

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The essential theme of Piku is associated with the perfect bowel movements that one aspires to have and, even though in the movie Bengalis talk about it with gay abandon, it is not that only they suffer from it. Others also suffer in the same manner and must talk about it in the same way as well. After all, “aadmi ka emotion uske motion se juda hua hai” (a man’s emotion is linked to his motion).

Piku is a film which urges us to take life with ample dollops of levity and helps us view life in a lighter vein.

– Nalin Rai

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About the author: Nalin Rai is a development professional who likes to bring to relief the development initiatives happening on their own in the moffusil parts of India and bring them into mainstream.

Women Corporators of Kolkata Bring Fresh Development Ideas to their City

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Meet the powerful women councilors of Kolkata Municipal Corporation who are all set to take charge and change things for the better in the city with the help of their interesting ideas. Here's how they are managing their new responsibilities with perfection. Sudharshana Mukherjee is used to a busy life. As a television journalist, she planned her day around the news cycle and often had to burn the midnight oil to meet deadlines. Today, she is no longer a reporter but her schedule is about to get crazy hectic, with back-to-back meetings and discussions with city officials, municipal workers and, of course, citizens.

Mukherjee is a newly-elected councilor of the all-powerful Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) that is responsible for running and maintaining the civic infrastructure in the historic state capital of West Bengal.

[caption id="attachment_24610" align="aligncenter" width="686"]Two-time councillor Jui Biswas from the ruling Trinamool Congress (TMC) wants to “lead by example” and put her MBA degree to good use to draw up specific plans for the betterment of the city. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS) Two-time councillor Jui Biswas from the ruling Trinamool Congress (TMC) wants to “lead by example” and put her MBA degree to good use to draw up specific plans for the betterment of the city. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)[/caption]
“I decided to give up my lucrative job to be able to do something for my city, for my people. I do believe that there are certain issues that women can understand better, like the need for proper sanitation and women’s safety,” says the first-time councillor of Ward No. 68, better known as the posh Ballygunge locality.
Mukherjee is among the 70 women that have been voted to the 144-member KMC for a five-year term. This is the highest number of female candidates ever elected to the municipality and together they will take decisions that will impact the future of the 4.6 million that live in the bustling city. “The KMC has 33 per cent reservation for women and that motivates committed female candidates to join the fray. Not just the reserved seats but they can also contest from the general quota, which only improves the odds of a greater number of women getting elected. What better way to increase their stake in governance,” remarks Sudheshna Bhattacharya, a journalist, who has covered urban local body elections for more than two decades. Bhattacharya is right. From businesswomen, professionals and home-makers there is a mix of talented women in the municipality today and each one has brought to the job her unique understanding of issues and a work ethic based on integrity and diligence.
Like Mukherjee, Sana Ahmed is a first-time councillor. “I was never really interested in joining politics earlier but then I realised that if I want to see a change in my city then I would have to work for that change from within rather than complaining from the sidelines. It was my desire to do something concrete for the people that pulled me into the race,” says the homemaker-turned-councillor of Ward No. 62 in central Kolkata.

There is a whole range of key decisions and responsibilities that is thrust upon a municipal councillor – be it making the city safer for women and children by focusing on improving transportation and street lighting, ensuring better sanitation and water supply or upgrading roads in residential areas.

[caption id="attachment_24611" align="aligncenter" width="960"]Mina Purohit, a councillor from Ward No. 22 of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, feels that political participation cannot just be about contesting elections alone but about making a difference with good ideas and setting the benchmark as a leader. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS) Mina Purohit, a councillor from Ward No. 22 of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, feels that political participation cannot just be about contesting elections alone but about making a difference with good ideas and setting the benchmark as a leader. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)[/caption] All these require meticulous planning, equitable use of funds and, naturally, a constant know-how on what people want. “Being a councillor is more demanding than any regular nine-to-five job. City development and planning is serious business. We have to oversee works related to drainage, water supply, street lighting, and plantation drives, apart from ensuring the smooth functioning of corporation-funded schools and health centres. Each ward is allocated Rs 10 crore annually to get things done,” elaborates Mina Purohit, 54, who contested from a general seat this year won from Ward No. 22 in north Kolkata. This four-time councillor from Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is as gung-ho about her duties right now as she was when she was elected for the first time two decades back.

"I have fought KMC elections five times. For me, this is the kind of career that is not just personally fulfilling but allows one to improve lives and create a constructive legacy. Political participation, be it for women or men, cannot just be about contesting elections alone. It has to be about making a difference with good ideas and setting the benchmark as a leader."

- Mina Purohit

Personally, two-time councillor Jui Biswas from the ruling Trinamool Congress (TMC) wants to “lead by example” and put “my Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degree to good use to draw up specific plans for the betterment of the city”. This mother-of-two knows “there is a lot that needs to get done especially in terms of bringing the city’s infrastructure up-to-date” and she has to play her part in the progress. Okay, once elected what is a typical day in the life of a councillor like? Purohit gives a low down, “Being a councillor is a 24x7 commitment. Anyone in the ward may need you at any time of day or night; it’s like working for emergency services. However, on an average my work day starts at nine in the morning. I meet a whole lot of people, make a note of requests, sign letters and, most importantly, solve local area problems. Thereafter, I head to the KMC office. In the evening, I make my way to the party headquarters to exchange notes with colleagues and work out any pending issues. It’s a full day but I am able to do justice because my children are independent and happy to support me in doing things that make me happy.” If Purohit’s grown up children are glad to back their mother then so are Biswas’s young ones. “My two kids are very proud of me and they feel I am able to bring change in my own small way,” she says.

Apart from family, these motivated women councillors enjoy the loyalty of their male colleagues and other municipal staff, which is crucial for them to be effective in the KMC.

[caption id="attachment_24612" align="aligncenter" width="480"]Shamina Rehan Khan, councillor of Ward No. 77 of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, who has been elected three times, has decided to prioritise primary education, vocational training for women and the commencement of electric rickshaws in her area. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS) Shamina Rehan Khan, councillor of Ward No. 77 of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, who has been elected three times, has decided to prioritise primary education, vocational training for women and the commencement of electric rickshaws in her area. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)[/caption]

“In a sense, I think both men and women are more comfortable working with women. This is why I believe many more women should come forward and contribute to politics. As they handle their homes efficiently, they can also handle their wards. Moreover, this presents women with the perfect opportunity to make their presence felt in public spaces.”

- Sudharshana Mukherjee

Despite being divided across party lines, the women councillors have common development agendas. Ahmed, Purohit and Mukherjee are keen to concentrate on regularising standards of sanitation, drainage and water supply in addition to access to education, even as Shamina Rehan Khan, councillor of Ward No. 77, who has been elected three times, has decided to prioritise primary education, vocational training for women and the commencement of electric rickshaws in her area. Women’s safety is another central issue on their mind.

Purohit speaks for everyone when she says, “We have to get together to ensure more women become economically independent and are comfortable in the public domain. Only when their visibility increases will the rate of gender crimes start to decrease.

[caption id="attachment_24613" align="aligncenter" width="960"]Despite being divided across party lines, women councillors in Kolkata are keen on concentrating on regularising standards of sanitation, drainage and water supply in addition to access to education. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS) Despite being divided across party lines, women councillors in Kolkata are keen on concentrating on regularising standards of sanitation, drainage and water supply in addition to access to education. (Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS)[/caption] Adds Councillor Maya Ghosh, “Adequate street lighting is a must and we ought to look at solar energy to power them.” Additionally, she wants to “stop corruption and streamline the licensing process”. “We are working on online formats for all licensing issues. We want to initiate e-governance,” she says. While it’s true that reservation has opened up the political platform for women, observers like Bhattacharya are not sure whether it is indeed game changing. “Given that women councillors are bound by the interests of the political parties they represent I wonder how effectively they can function as a force that shifts the paradigm of governance in the KMC.” Nonetheless, councillors like Khan are eager to prove the sceptics wrong, “No doubt women are vulnerable and there are fewer opportunities available but we need to fight back to make sure the status quo changes. Women in grassroots governing bodies are capable of making quite a difference. They are able, honest and take care of their wards as they would their own home.” Mukherjee sums up this optimistic mood perfectly, “As a councillor I may only make Rs. 4,320 a month but when one works for the people, nothing else matters.”

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia).

Written by Saadia Azim for Women’s Feature Service (WFS) and republished here in arrangement with WFS.

How 32 Youth Groups Are Fighting Hunger in Rural West Bengal

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Youngsters in 32 villages of Ghoshergram and Jhunjkagram panchayats in Bankura district of West Bengal have formed groups that spread awareness on issues related to health, education and development in amazing ways.  Kshama Mondal, 19, of Housibad village, which falls under Jhunjka gram panchayat in Chhatna block of Bankura district, West Bengal, enjoys learning new facts related to the food and nutritional needs of her people and then putting this important information to practice. From being an active participant in the nutrition camps that are organised regularly in her village, Kshama has moved on to encouraging others. As a member of the Hosibad Naba Tarun Taruni Dal, a youth group in her village, she is involved in creating awareness on nutrition, health, education and development. Encouraging this process are the activists of the Kolkata-based non-government organisation, Development Research Communication and Services Centre (DRCSC).

Currently, 32 youth groups, comprising 10-15 members, have been set up in Ghosher and Jhunjka gram panchayats, covering 32 villages of Chhatna block. Over 50 per cent of the members are girls like Kshama.

[caption id="attachment_30840" align="aligncenter" width="800"]Youngsters in 32 villages of Ghoshergram and Jhunjkagram panchayats in Bankura district of West Bengal have formed groups that spread awareness on issues related to health, education and development. (Credit: DRCSC\WFS) Youngsters in 32 villages of Ghoshergram and Jhunjkagram panchayats in Bankura district of West Bengal have formed groups that spread awareness on issues related to health, education and development. (Credit: DRCSC\WFS)[/caption]
Anirban Banerjee of DRCSC, shares, “We partnered with Welthungerhilfe of Germany to implement the Fight Hunger First Initiative (FHFI) in the rural areas of West Bengal. Food security, income security and education security form the focus of this programme. We realized that to ensure sustainable progress in all three areas, it was imperative to involve the youth, which is why we are reaching out to youngsters between 12 and 22 years.”
He believes that not only will young people be able to mobilise and motivate their family and friends but eventually, as adults, they will also be in a position to sustain the movement to ensure a far reaching impact. One group has been constituted in each village and they have been trained to function independently.
Suryakanta Das of DRCSC’s Education Team, elaborates, “The groups are involved in creating awareness and monitoring Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) and mid-day meals. Besides this, they conduct workshops and discussions on nutrition, check on the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and even keep an eye on the workings of the school management committee or the village education committee for the proper implementation of the Right to Education Act.”

Kshama looks forward to being with her group as their joint activities help them form a bond with the community.

[caption id="attachment_30841" align="aligncenter" width="800"]Girl youth club members explain the Infant Young and Child Feeding (IYCF) cards to the pregnant women and lactating mothers in their villages. (Credit: DRCSC\WFS) Girl youth club members explain the Infant Young and Child Feeding (IYCF) cards to the pregnant women and lactating mothers in their villages. (Credit: DRCSC\WFS)[/caption]
“I like explaining the Infant Young and Child Feeding (IYCF) cards to the pregnant women and lactating mothers. It feels nice to be in a position to help and guide them towards better health,” says the teenager.
Her group even conducts workshops where the nutritional value of different leaves, fruits, grains that are available in the area is explained and the local women taught to cook nutritious meals. “For us young girls these are important learnings for life,” she smiles. Another way in which the youth groups put forth their messages is through street plays.
“We write and stage the street plays on themes like basic hygiene, hand-washing, healthy diet and good food habits. We also emphasise the importance of taking children for timely check-ups to the primary health centre,” elaborates Amita Roy, 15, of the Bortor Ashar Alo group from Bortor village under Ghosher gram panchayat.
Commemorative occasions like World Water Day, World Climate Day, World Health Day, Global Family Day, Earth Day, and so on, are observed in Bortor village with rallies and plays. The youngsters now even act as the bridge between the school and the community, calling for meetings between parents and the school management or village education committees so that the local community’s Right to Education is realised. However, it is their green fingers that are truly inspiring. Ten groups have created gardens on the premises of 11 primary schools as well as two ICDS centres, all of them managed and maintained by the enthusiastic members themselves.

To get to know the local topography better, the groups draw up a village profile map, clearly demarcating the agricultural land, fallow land, ponds, rivers, forest, and so on.

[caption id="attachment_30842" align="aligncenter" width="800"]Ten youth clubs in the region have created gardens on the premises of 11 primary schools as well as two ICDS centres, all of them managed by the young members. (Credit: DRCSC\WFS) Ten youth clubs in the region have created gardens on the premises of 11 primary schools as well as two ICDS centres, all of them managed by the young members. (Credit: DRCSC\WFS)[/caption]
“While its mostly the boys who participate in this activity, there are some girls too who take part, especially those interested in mapping, topography, resource management,” remarks Sarla Tudu, 16, of Dharam Mandoya group from the tribal village of Kendua under Jhunjka gram panchayat.
At the Siuli Pahari Primary school, a wonderful green patch is being cared for by the Siuli Pahari Nabajiban Dal.
Kakoli Mal, 13, a group member and a secondary school student, elaborates, “We have pitched in to create this school garden, utilising whatever area was available for the purpose. The students help us out by watering the plants or doing the weeding, but the hard work of planting and manuring is done by us. We have planted a variety of vegetables, tubers, leafy vegetables and this produce is used to prepare healthier mid-day meals.”
Those involved in managing the school gardens hold weekly classes on natural resource management and talk to students about their local environment and the ecology as well. The merit of using organic fertilisers, such as vermi-compost or compost and liquid manure, is widely known these days.
“For the youth, participating in such group initiatives has many advantages. It provides practical learnings related to environmental education, which is a part of their syllabus in school. Apart from this it prepares the ground for them to become eligible for the work-for-pay schemes of the panchayat, like doing surveys, once they turn 18. Many of the youth in the 18-22 age group, who are part of the initiative, have become vocal participants in the gram sabha meetings and have the potential to be community leaders. They have realised that knowledge is power,” observes Das.
One successful youth leader who has emerged through this intervention is Laltu Gorai, 21, who has been elected the Upa-Panchayat Pradhan of Benagoria village that falls under the Ghosher gram panchayat. Laltu has been able to better facilitate the implementation of schemes like the MGNREGA because of his broader awareness and community experience thanks to the experience he gained during his work for the local youth group. There have been numerous multiplier effects of this intervention. Currently, youngsters from within the community are motivated to come forward and work together to bring about positive changes in their lives – be it related to their health, education or employment. The trust factor is high and the bonding strong, which only brightens the chances of this transformation being sustained in the coming years, too.

Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia).

Written by Ajitha Menon for Women’s Feature Service (WFS) and republished here in arrangement with WFS.

The State Animal of West Bengal Is Endangered. And Most of Us Don’t Even Know Which Animal It Is.

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What is the state animal of West Bengal? If you, like many, said tiger, you’re wrong. The animal that represents this state is the fishing cat – a unique species that is nearing extinction. But there are people in India who are doing their best to protect these cats and helping find ways to help them live alongside humans. This is how they are doing it. “If you kill a fishing cat you should get the same punishment as killing a tiger,” says ecologist Tiasa Adhya, talking about a fascinating cat species that is facing dwindling numbers and is vanishing at a drastically swift rate. The fishing cat, the state animal of West Bengal, is twice the size of a normal house cat, has a powerful build and a short tail, is nocturnal, and of course as the name suggests, loves fish.

This cat species depends on wastelands (marshes and wetlands) for its survival. And that is one of the foremost reasons why it is dying a slow death in India.

[caption id="attachment_36501" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]A catfish A fishing cat[/caption]
Photo Credit: Neville Buck
Due to the quickly declining marshlands in West Bengal, which are being replaced by buildings and factories, the fishing cats have nowhere to go. And they are highly vulnerable outside their natural habitat. The species is ‘endangered,’ according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List, 2010, and Schedule I according to the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. This puts the fishing cat in the same category as the tiger, in terms of the protection it deserves. But do these cats enjoy the same level of protection and conservation as our tigers? Clearly not.

Tiasa Adhya, a postgraduate student from the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, has been working in the field of conservation of fishing cats for the past five years.

[caption id="attachment_36503" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]Out in the fields Out in the fields[/caption] She is a member of the International Fishing Cat Working Group, and with her colleague Partha Dey and a team of like-minded people, she has been finding various ways of protecting the cats in India. West Bengal has a good number of fishing cats. But in their search for marshes and fish, their primary source of food, most cats have to live outside the protected areas. They were once found in areas between the Sundarban swamps, the East Kolkata wetlands and the Howrah district. While Sundarbans is still protected, the rest of the area has undergone major development activities, leaving the cats out in the open. Presently, the cats occupy large portions of Howrah due to the reed cultivation there and the presence of natural wastelands.

However, they have to live right beside human settlements and many cats end up getting killed for their meat and skin.

[caption id="attachment_36504" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]The marshes The marshes which are home to the fishing cats[/caption] It was in June this year that a horrifying incident brought forward the reality about the condition of these animals. Five people in Howrah killed five fishing cats — one of them put up a picture of a dead fishing cat on Facebook for the world to see. "People were shocked, but not to the same extent as they would have been if a leopard or a tiger had been killed," says Tiasa. Seeing this ignorance, she and her team decided to run a worldwide campaign to spread as much awareness about the cats as possible. They put the word out on Facebook and sent emails to one and all — friends, colleagues, families — asking for signatures on a petition.
"With a whopping 5,000 signatures from 48 countries, we managed to put enough social pressure for the poachers to get arrested and they are facing three years of jail and Rs. 10,000 in fine," says Tiasa.
In order to prevent this from happening in the future, the team decided to involve the District Council (zilla parishad) of Howrah. The District Councils operate according to the 3-tier administration of the Panchayati Raj system. Every zilla parishad has different blocks of panchayats under it and every panchayat heads several villages. The panchayat thus forms the lowest unit of administration in the country.

So, for maximum penetration into households in Howrah, they decided to take the bottom up approach and start spreading awareness by creating panchayat level fishing cat protection groups, which would be responsible for protecting the cats in villages under their jurisdiction.

[caption id="attachment_36502" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]catfish3 Sessions in village panchayat[/caption]
"The zilla parishad meets every six months. In a meeting on August 31 this year, we brought up the issue of fishing cats. A resolution was passed that all 157 panchayats will create fishing cat protection groups. We volunteered to create 3 lakh leaflets and 50,000 posters for distribution through all 157 panchayats and also made a 45-second film to be aired across local TV channels," says a concerned Tiasa.

This short film informs people about the fishing cat, why we should conserve it, and the legal consequences of killing it.

[caption id="attachment_36499" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]catfish6 Penetrating the villages[/caption] With this step, the team has ensured that the fishing cat is a household name in Howrah. They are also working with local non-government societies like the Sarada Prasad Tirtha Janakalyan Samiti to sensitize people and also to study the social, economic and political factors that are responsible for the vanishing marshes. It is important to inform people that fishing cats are beneficial for farmers as well, because agricultural pests like rodents form a very important part of their diet. They are even trying to understand people's perceptions towards the cat by talking to them personally so that the right steps can be taken accordingly.

The bigger objective is to form a conservation plan with the help of the existing policies and government departments, to address marshland degradation and conservation of fishing cats.

[caption id="attachment_36500" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]catfish5 Spreading the message at the grassroots level[/caption] There are people in other countries as well who are working for the protection of fishing cats. But in West Bengal, in a region where many people will tell you that the tiger is their state animal, this team is doing its best to save the wonderful creatures that nobody seems to know about. You can contact Tiasa by writing to her at adhyatiasa@yahoo.com
All picture credits if not mentioned: Partha Dey

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A Mobile Based Intervention That Saved Suraiya from Sex Trafficking & Masuda from Child Labour

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This article on using mobile technology for social good is part of the #Mobile4Good series & is made possible by Vodafone India.

Millions of girls in India become victims of domestic violence, sexual abuse, trafficking, and child labour every year. West Bengal is one such state where girls are at high risk for trafficking and other abuse. Read how GPower, a mobile-based intervention in 20 villages of the state, is identifying the girls in need of help and providing them with much needed and timely support based on their level of vulnerability. According to the Child in Need Institute (CINI) based in Kolkatta, 47 percent of Indian girls get married before the age of 18, 22 percent girls give birth before they turn 18 in India, and 1 child goes missing every three seconds in West Bengal. Most of the latter cases end up in sex-trafficking. Girls in rural parts of the country are at higher risk for all these problems because lack of education and opportunities make them extremely vulnerable. This is where CINI’s mobile-based program GPower comes into the picture. Established in 1974, CINI works for the integrated development and empowerment of poor people, especially women and children. This organisation launched GPower in 2014, to help adolescent girls at high risk for violence, abuse, trafficking, child labour and other societal ills. GPower, which works like a mobile-based data collecting and analysing tool, aims at identifying the vulnerabilities of adolescent girls in rural areas on issues such as early marriage, health, nutrition, education, trafficking, child labour, and much more, on a real time basis. The technology has been developed in association with Accenture.
“We focus on adolescent girls because about 25 percent of India’s population falls into the age group 10-19. They will shape the future of our nation,” says the GPower team.

GPower uses the power of mobile and cloud technologies to track the condition of these girls and provides real time analysis to spot trends and take corrective measures in a timely, dynamic manner.

[caption id="attachment_37588" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]GPower has prevented five child marriages in the villages they work in. GPower has prevented five child marriages in the villages they work in.[/caption] GPower works through on-the-ground Community Facilitators (CF), who collect data by going door-to-door and asking a set of questions to families and girls. Their answers help identify the vulnerability levels of the adolescent girls. The questions cover various topics like whether a girl goes to school, is she physically fit, is she working as a child labourer, what the family environment is like, is she exposed to abuse in the family or outside, and many more. There are about 30 such indicators to identify the actual condition of a girl, and the type of intervention required is decided based on this data.
“NGOs and other organisations will provide support only when they are aware of the issue. It is very important to track the needs of the girls on time. And the extensive questionnaire and indicators help us understand this,” says Indrani Bhattacharya, Assistant Director, CINI.
The CFs collect all this data on Android tablets and then transfer the same to a remote centralized server through a cloud-based process. This data is then used for real-time problem monitoring and for better insights into the development effort. The organisation then provides necessary intervention to the vulnerable girls and helps them lead better lives.

Masuda*, from Cheora village of West Bengal, is one such girl who has benefitted from GPower. She was only 12 years old when her parents sent her to work as a domestic help to a family residing in Andul in Howrah district.

[caption id="attachment_37589" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]GPower identifies young girls on the basis of their vulnerability and then provide necessary intervention. GPower identifies young girls on the basis of their vulnerability and then provide necessary intervention.[/caption] During a baseline survey by GPower, a CF visited her house to register her sister and came to know about Masuda. Her parents said she was staying with her aunt and studying in a school in Kolkata. The CF was not satisfied by the family’s response and kept an eye on them. She again contacted them when Masuda came home to celebrate Eid. On talking to Masuda, the CF learnt that she had been beaten frequently in Andul and was often not given food for days. The CF talked to Masuda’s parents about the ill effects of child labour but they didn’t listen to her and sent Masuda back to work. But the CF still did not give up and kept counselling the parents. When Masuda came back again after a week, the CF managed to convince her parents to not send Masuda back to work and even enrol her in school. Masuda now goes to school regularly and is an active member of the adolescent group under GPower. Masuda is just one example of hundreds of girl who have benefitted from the GPower initiative. The organisation conducted a baseline survey of about 3,000 girls. Out of these, about 290 girls were identified as ‘most vulnerable’ and 990 girls as ‘moderately vulnerable.’
“We were able to help her because we kept a close eye on the family. This was all possible because we did a baseline survey. Otherwise, we would have never found out that there is a girl far from home who is in need,” says Indrani.

GPower’s timely interventions have prevented 15 child marriages among moderately vulnerable girls. In fact, no child marriage case has been reported among the 290 most vulnerable girls as a result of regular checks.

[caption id="attachment_37590" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]Thanks to the timely identification, many school dropout girls have been readmitted in the schools. Thanks to the timely identification, many school dropout girls have been readmitted in the schools.[/caption] In addition, 26 girls who had dropped out of school have been re-admitted into formal schools. And 5 cases of missing children have been resolved. This was all possible because the issues faced by the girls were identified in time and resolved before it was too late. Sixteen-year-old Suraiya* from Morigachi village of West Bengal is yet another girl who was helped by GPower. At such a vulnerable age, Suraiya became a victim of human trafficking. In November 2014, Suraiya started getting calls from an unknown number and gradually became friends with the male caller. Within a week, the man had proposed marriage to her and asked her to elope with him. Suraiya, who was not old and wise enough to understand the man’s real intentions, ran away from her house with someone she had never met before. The man took her to Mumbai. Suraiya then overheard a few people discussing the issue of human trafficking and how many men were seducing young girls in the name of love and marriage. This scared her and when left alone for some time she shared her story with a family who contacted CHILDLINE India Foundation (CIF). In the meantime, Suraiya’s family had contacted CINI, who helped them lodge a police complaint and contacted CIF to track Suraiya. Thanks to the timely intervention, she safely returned to her house in two weeks.
“There are many cases like this where we were able to take the right actions before it was too late,” says Indrani.

Apart from direct intervention, GPower also provides counselling, vocational training, and coaching to many girls. The organization has started two learning centres where school dropouts can continue their studies.

[caption id="attachment_37591" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]GPower team wants to provide tablets to the adolescent girls so that they can track their vulnerability themselves. GPower team wants to provide tablets to the adolescent girls so that they can track their vulnerability themselves.[/caption] GPower, which is still in the initial phase, currently works with 6,977 families in about 20 villages of West Bengal, with the help of 4 CFs who are selected from the community. CINI wants to expand the scope of GPower’s work but the lack of financial support has prevented the initiative from reaching out to more. “In the future, we want to give these tablets to the girls so that they can track their level of vulnerability themselves and take appropriate measures on time,” says Indrani. To know more about the organization’s work, check out GPower’s website.
 * Name changed

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Bengali Actress Mimi Chakraborty Saw a Hit & Run. What She Did next Deserves a Standing Ovation.

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I n an act that is rare these days, Bengali actress Mimi Chakraborty chased down two drunk drivers after she saw them run over a man in Kolkata recently. On Sunday, Mimi was passing by Teghoria on VIP road, when she saw two men in an Indica car hit a man on a motorcycle. The car sped for nearly 3 km till Lake Town, dragging the man, who was stuck to its wheels, with it.

Mimi, who saw the incident, chased after the Indica till Lake Town.

mimi chakraborty
Photo credit: Facebook
Her Scorpio car soon caught up with the car of the drunk men. She got out of her car and took down the number on the license plate and also took pictures of the two men. Meanwhile, she also informed the police about Rakesh Agarwal, who was injured in the incident. He was on the left side of the road and was wearing a helmet. It was just reckless driving by the driver, she says. The police shifted Rakesh to a hospital. According to reports,  his condition is critical. Her bouncers had also seized the car keys, till the police arrived at the spot. When the bouncers caught hold of Raju Bondopadhay and Brij Bondopadhay, who were driving the car, they said," Please pardon us, it was a small mistake."

Mimi told  Anandbazar Patrika, " I was shocked to hear this. They were about to kill a person and they say it was a small mistake?"

Meanwhile, Mimi  informed Mr. Agarwal's wife about the accident. Help also came in the form of Bengali filmmaker Raj Chakraborty, who arrived on the spot, as soon as he got to know of the accident. Mimi maintains that though it was a crowded road, nobody came to the help of the man.

She added that the only people who came forward were those who wanted to click her pictures.

Twitter is singing her praises though.

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A Fibre Sheet Has Revolutionised the Way of Cooking in West Bengal’s Villages

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In West Bengal's Purulia district, simple ideas are bringing about small but significant changes to nutrition and food security.  A one-and-a-half feet by two feet transparent fibre sheet has completely revolutionised Kokila Mahato’s way of life. It has enabled the 58-year-old from Pandra village in Jhalda Block II of Purulia district, West Bengal, to finally prepare hygienic, nutritious, and well-cooked meals for her family. Quite remarkably, the fibre sheet has not just brought sunshine into the otherwise dingy kitchens of rural women across Jhalda II block, it has also emerged as a cost-effective way of ensuring that families eat healthy. Bhavana Mishra, an activist with Pradan, a local NGO which has facilitated this innovative intervention with the financial assistance of Deutsche Welthungerhilfe (WHH) of Germany, says, “Tiled roofs, thick mud walls, and almost no windows are characteristic features of most village homes in the region. The interiors are dark and the most unventilated room is the kitchen – located almost always at the back of the house," she says. These women are used to cooking by the light of firewood, coal, or a small kerosene lamp.
"Often the food would remain underdone and even if some fly or insect fell into it, they would not see it. Today, those are things of the past. A single fibre sheet has ensured that strong sunlight filters into the kitchen, illuminating it without electricity or use of any fuel. While the idea itself is simple, the impact has been extraordinary,” she says.

In homes across 16 villages of Majihidih Gram Panchayat, a few tiles on the kitchen roof have been replaced by a transparent fibre sheet, supplied to local women self-help groups (SHGs).

[caption id="attachment_45552" align="aligncenter" width="3240"] One fibre sheet fixed on the roof of the kitchen has lit up the homes of many women in rural Jhalda Block II of Purulia district. (Credit: Ajitha Menon\WFS)[/caption]
“I can see what I am cooking nowadays. Previously, working in darkness, I would make food almost by instinct, randomly adding spices and even washing the vegetables, meat, and fish very cursorily. My family would often complain about the food being tasteless and sometimes there would be dirt left on the vegetables. Now, there is a huge difference in the quality of meals I am churning out on a daily basis,” says Kokila with a happy smile.
All the 12 members of the Hari Mandir Mahila SHG in Pandra, including Kokila, have got the fibre sheet fixed in their kitchens. “Each of us contributed Rs. 20 towards the fibre sheets. The transportation worked out at about Rs. 2 per head, while the mason charged Rs. 10 to install it. This turned out to be a very cost effective solution for us, as we are no longer spending money on buying kerosene for the ‘dibri’ (lantern). Large families run out of rationed kerosene soon and then have to buy it in black. It severely increases our household expenses,” elaborates 50-year-old Adumoni Mahato of Pandra village. Of course, not everyone has been successful in getting a fibre sheet installed. Some members of the Nari Mukti cluster in Pandra village, which has six SHGs under it, comprising 76 women, ran into a problem. “My house has an asbestos roof and the mason is charging higher rates to cut through it and fit the fibre sheet. But most women here have realised how important it is for our family’s health to not just cook in the right light, but also eat in the right light so that we can spot and avoid contamination," says 36-year-old Lakhi Mahato of Maa Saraswati SHG.

Banasree Mahato, 23, who belongs to the Shaktimaan SHG under the same cluster, is so pleased with the fibre sheet that she has installed one on the roof of another room.

[caption id="attachment_45553" align="aligncenter" width="2816"]Thanks to bright natural sunlight that now filters into the once dingy kitchens of rural homes across Jhalda Block II women no longer are forced to cook on instinct randomly adding spices and even washing the vegetables, meat and fish very cursorily. (Credit: Ajitha Menon\WFS) Thanks to bright natural sunlight that now filters into the dingy kitchens of rural homes across Jhalda Block II, women no longer are forced to cook on instinct. (Credit: Ajitha Menon\WFS)[/caption] “My house has an electricity connection but ever since we got the fibre sheets fixed, the power bill has come down. There is light in my kitchen and my main room all day long and we do need to not use electricity. Some of my SHG members have installed fibre sheets on the roof of their cowshed as well, where it is always dark,” she says. Most women, who have a fibre sheet at home, have got into the routine of finishing all their cooking and other kitchen work during day, making best use of the ‘free’ light.
“I remember when sunlight had first filtered into my kitchen through the fibre sheet. I was shocked to see the number of flies, ants, and mosquitoes that were in my kitchen and near the food. In fact, many women had initially complained that there were more flies and mosquitoes because of the fibre sheet. But gradually it dawned on all of us that these insects and pests had always been there in our kitchens, but were just not visible to us because of lack of light. No wonder our children and other family members always had stomach ailments and other diseases like malaria and body rashes,” says Suradhani Hembram, 40, of Simni village.
Incidentally, cases of malaria showed a considerable decline in these villages after Pradan handed out medicinally treated mosquito nets to the families. Several wells and tube wells have also been repaired under the initiative to provide better quality water, both for drinking and other uses. To add to the efforts of ensuring better health for the community, especially the women and children, Pradan has facilitated the introduction of another significant initiative in Jhalda block II - the System Root Intensification (SRI) process for improved paddy production.

This significant initiative covers a population of 6,043 in the area.

paddy
Photo source: icimod.org
"We have been taught to wash paddy seeds in salt water and add a medicine. We then dry the seeds in the shade in the early evening or morning and once they are ready, we plant them one by one in neat rows at a gap of at least 10 inches. One kilo of these treated seeds is enough to be planted in one bigha of land. Earlier, we used to waste about 20 kilos for the same area," says  Urmila Murmu, of the Adivasi Lahanti Tirla Samiti, in Simni village. The paddy saplings are then taken out after 12-15 days, instead of the conventional 20-25 days and the sowing is again done row by row. “We get a much higher yield with each plant having about 60-65 stems in comparison to the 4-5 stems before. We also get 200-250 grains from one plant, while through the traditional method, we got just about 80-85,” she adds. Better availability of food and its proper cooking as well as consumption have emerged as important components of food security and nutrition. In Purulia, simple ideas that don’t entail huge costs are bringing about small but significant changes within families.

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Written by Ajitha Menon for Women’s Feature Service (WFS) and republished here in arrangement with WFS.

Two Young Entrepreneurs Find a Novel Way to Combine Advertising with Garbage Disposal

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Meet these Kolkata-based entrepreneurs who have given the Swachh Bharat campaign a whole new dimension by making people in the city more conscious about their surroundings. Kolkata is known as the cultural capital of India. The city has a long artistic and literary heritage. It is home to theatre, dance, films, as well as Rabindra Sangeet. But this beautiful city has a huge problem too. It is considered to be one of the dirtiest metros in the country. Kolkata has a burgeoning population of 14 million people.

Like every growing city in the country, it too has a garbage problem.

4078953864_fba65a78ec_o
Photo source: Flickr/Asier
According to studies, only 10% of the city’s waste is recycled. This adds to the municipality’s woes of waste disposal. Joy Pansari, a recent engineering graduate, wanted to do something to reduce the problem of garbage disposal in the city. Waste management was an area he was interested in. Seeking inspiration from Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Joy and his friends Ankit Agarwal and Saurav Mundra decided to do something to make Kolkata cleaner. They started Green Clean Media Works in 2014. For a few months, the team studied various issues related to garbage and waste management. In 2015, they came up with the idea of installing free dustbins to prevent people from littering. These dustbins display advertisements of Kolkata-based companies.
“With this initiative, we have succeeded in creating an innovative, revenue generating business model. ADBINS, as we call it, provides an eco-friendly and economical advertising space for our clients,” says Ankit.
Joy, an automobile engineer, and Ankit, a chartered accountant, feel they have undertaken an active role in building a more sustainable environment with this one-of-a-kind initiative.

Ankit, who used to work with Ernst & Young, quit his job to join Joy in his mission.

[caption id="attachment_48060" align="aligncenter" width="1200"]Joy and ankit (Left) Ankit and Joy.[/caption] Green Clean Media Works caters to banks, hotel chains, film production houses, fashion stores, and online learning portals by advertising their products on these dustbins.

The company currently has 70 dustbins installed in various residential complexes around the city.

kolka By the end of February, they hope to have at least 100 dustbins in the city.
“I was on my evening walk when I suddenly noticed this bright yellow dustbin near the parking area in my society. Since it’s been set up, I’ve noticed that the area has gotten cleaner and fewer people throw stuff on the pathway,” says Ipsita Chakraborty.
The team has been trying to experiment with the ADBINS and make them more interactive. In some areas, they have installed ADBINS that also serve as weighing machines. These are a huge hit among the residents. In other places, Joy and Ankit have set up dustbins that have backlit ads.
“The colour of the dustbins is inspired from the Aamir Khan movie PK. In the movie, he says yellow colour can be seen from a great distance. This is how we decided to go with this colour, in order to attract more people towards the dustbins,” says Joy.
To get more people to use the dustbins, Joy and Ankit came up with the idea of setting up wifi-enabled ADBINS in schools, colleges, metro stations, movie theatres, and other entertainment arenas.

A test run is already in place in an apartment building.

kolka 3 “Once the user puts in the trash, the ADBIN generates a one-time password. The user can feed it into his or her phone and use WiFi for an hour,” says Joy. Green  Clean Media Works has employed a small team to look after cleanliness in every place where the dustbin is installed. The organisation doesn’t practise segregation as of now. But, Ankit and Joy plan to have separate dustbins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste soon.

The team is also developing an app that people can use to find these dustbins in the city.

kolka 2 The founders pooled their resources to buy dustbins and place the ads on them when the company started. Now, they are able to cover costs with the revenue generated from advertising. However, the team is hopeful that the government will fund the venture through the Startup India Standup India initiative.
“Our vision is to create a socially responsible business and promote forms of green advertising across India by bridging the gap between social and economic objectives,” says Ankit.
In the future, the company would like to expand to other public places in the city as well.
“Till now, we feel like we have had a trial run. But we did well and I think we will be successful in making people become more responsible for their trash. Slowly, we would like to get into full-fledged waste management. For now, we are happy taking these baby steps,” says Joy.
To get in touch, mail them at greencleanadvertisiment@gmail.com.

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Bengal’s Transgender Poll Officers Make History

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It’s been a long, tough fight for rights, recognition and respect but, gradually, the transgender community is finally being given the right opportunities to be included in mainstream. It’s been a long, tough fight for rights, recognition and respect but, gradually, the transgender community seems to be finding the right opportunities to link up to the mainstream.

Recently, in poll-bound West Bengal, Protima Sharma and Riya Sarkar made quiet history when they were picked out by the State Election Commission to officiate as polling agent and polling officer, respectively.

[caption id="attachment_55314" align="alignnone" width="960"] Riya Sarkar, a transgender, made quiet history recently when she was picked by the State Election Commission to officiate as the presiding officer at booth number 260 in Rashbehari constituency, Kolkata. Riya Sarkar, a transgender, made quiet history recently whenshe was picked by the State Election Commission to officiate as the presiding officer at booth number 260 in Rashbehari constituency, Kolkata.[/caption] Whereas Sharma, a Commerce graduate associated with a non government organisation for transgender rights, “welcomed the decision of the election body to consciously include transgender people in the poll process”, Sarkar, a government school teacher, was “thrilled” to be appointed as the presiding officer at booth number 260 in Rashbehari constituency, Kolkata, and was “happy that people are addressing me as madam”.

In fact, this election also saw another first - transgender people got to officially cast their vote in the ‘other’ category and not as ‘general’ voters.

[caption id="attachment_55315" align="alignnone" width="1920"]Riya Sarkar, a government school teacher by profession, believes that transgender people need to “integrate fearlessly, speak up and become visible”. Riya Sarkar, a government school teacher by profession,believes that transgender people need to “integrate fearlessly, speak up and become visible”.[/caption]

Ranjita Sinha, who is the founder member and president of Bandhan, a non government organisation that stands up for transgender rights, feels it was indeed a “historic moment” when Sarkar, 29, and Sharma were selected to become a part of the polls.

[caption id="attachment_55317" align="alignnone" width="1024"] Ranjita Sinha, the founder member and president of Bandhan, a non government organisation that stands up for transgender rights, feels it was indeed a “historic moment” when Sarkar and Sharma were selected to become a part of the polls. Ranjita Sinha, the founder member and president of Bandhan, a non government organisation that stands up for transgender rights, feels it was indeed a “historic moment” when Sarkar and Sharma were selected to become a part of the polls.[/caption] “I see this as a significant victory for our community. For the longest time, we have been at the margins of society and been victims of a discriminatory mindset. Instances like this will definitely have a positive impact on the overall public perception. Another amazing thing that happened this time around was that we could walk into a polling booth and cast our vote fearlessly,” says the woman, who is seen as a leader of sorts among the transgender community in Bengal. Sinha contends that both Sharma and Sarkar were chosen because they are “brave and educated”. The Election Commission decided to rope in the transgender community because it wanted them “to shed their apprehensions, come out in the public domain and exercise their right to vote”. According to Smita Pandey, District Electoral Officer, Kolkata South, “Transgenders don’t come out in the open due to fear of rejection by society. We want them to come out. This is a message for the entire third gender to come out and disclose their identity in public.” Despite the initial estimation of greater participation in the officiating process, in the end, their involvement became limited. “Although we had shortlisted 25 names from within the community, ultimately, only Sarkar could be roped in because as per government rules only a government employee can become a polling officer. But I do believe the support of the Election Commission will overall boost the confidence of the transgender community,” adds Pandey. As Sarkar, a teacher at the Prachya Boys School-Dum Dum, walked into the polling both she was officiating during the sixth phase of the election – the entire process was completed in six phases from April 4 to May 5, 2016 – she couldn’t help feel a sense of pride and responsibility.
“Usually when people look at transgenders like me they point fingers and make fun of our life choices. But on that day, it was as if I forced the very people to acknowledge my presence as a transgender and honour my womanhood,” she says.
Before Sarkar, Sharma, a resident of 7 Tanks, Dum Dum, Paikpara, in north Kolkata, had been selected to be the polling agent at Kumar Ashutosh School booth that falls under Belgachia constituency in the of third phase of the elections. Essentially, a polling agent not only acts as a representative of a candidate but also assists the election authorities in the smooth conduct of the polls. S/he takes part in the mock drill to test the working of the Electronic Voter Machine (EVM), helps the Presiding Officer to detect and prevent impersonation of voters and oversees the proper sealing and handing over of the results to the Returning Officer at the close of polls.

Sharma, who is a commerce graduate and works for a multinational Company, was incredibly pleased at being appointed polling agent and wanted to “contribute towards facilitating voters in the area to freely exercise their franchise”.

[caption id="attachment_55316" align="aligncenter" width="1024"]Protima Sharma, who was appointed as a polling agent at Kumar Ashutosh School booth in Belgachia constituency, “welcomed the decision to consciously include transgender people in the poll process”. Protima Sharma, who was appointed as a polling agent at Kumar Ashutosh School booth in Belgachia constituency, “welcomed the
decision to consciously include transgender people in the poll process”.[/caption] Of course, ever since the Supreme Court has officially recognised transgender people as the third gender, there have been many instances where they have tried to “integrate fearlessly, speak up and become visible” but these attempts are not yet rid of rejection and rebuke. Even Sharma and Sarkar had to contend with the usual stares and not-so-subtle derogatory remarks.
“It was not easy to sit at the booth and get started at. It was as if I was a circus animal. People were more interested in coming and staring at me instead of casting their vote. After a while, it was humiliating and it did affect my self esteem,” Sharma remarks, adding, “However, I do understand that by merely a passing a judgement or a law one can’t change the way people think and react. In our case, more visibility will effectively improve the acceptance in society.”
Sinha, too, reveals how she had to face “awkward moments” when the presiding officer at the Gokhale Road polling station, which, incidentally, falls under chief minister Mamata Banerjee's constituency, categorised her as a general voter even though she wanted to cast her ballot in the ‘other’ category. “Being a polling officer he should have know the electoral rules. The Election Commission needs to train their polling personnel better. I had to insist several time before he conceded,” she shares. For Sinha, Sharma or Sarkar, who were born male but “discovered their inner woman as they grew up”, so far, the struggle for an identity has been a long and rough one. “It’s not just a fight for legalisation of our rights or the repeal of Section 377; at a larger scale, it’s to bring about a positive transformation in the way we are perceived and treated socially. We are aware that long-held beliefs and prejudices can’t alter overnight so we are trying to do our bit to make it happen,” says Sinha. Indeed, in Kolkata, the transgender community at large is ready to do what it takes to transform attitudes. To make their presence felt in the mainstream and engage with the public, they regularly organise events such as musical programmes, plays, film screenings, discussions on the transgender experience, and even special Durga Puja celebrations.

Last year, a Puja organiser in an otherwise conservative north Kolkata locality broke the mould and openly included transgender people in the rituals.

[caption id="attachment_55318" align="alignnone" width="4288"]In Kolkata, to make their presence felt in the mainstream, the transgender community regularly organise events such as musical programmes, plays, film screenings, discussions on the transgender experience, and even special Durga puja celebrations In Kolkata, to make their presence felt in the mainstream,the transgender community regularly organise events such as musical programmes, plays, film screenings, discussions on the transgender experience, and even special Durga puja celebrations.[/caption] As per Anidya Hazra, one of the members of the trendsetting Puja committee, a queer activist and the founder of Pratyay Gender Trust, “We want to establish ourselves as what we are and acceptance is necessary for that to happen. We are not from another planet; we are very much a part of the human race and expect people to understand our feelings and perspectives as well. Anything new or out of the ordinary is hard to acknowledge so we are making the effort to reach out ourselves.” For now, optimism is what they are all holding on to. Concludes Sinha, “The rules and regulations, the behaviours won’t change till we can change the way everyone thinks – and that’s what we are all endeavoring to do in our own ways.”
Cover Image: Anidya Hazra, an activist and founder of Pratyay Gender Trust asserts that the LGBT people “want to  establish ourselves as what we are and social acceptance is necessary for that to happen”.

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About the author: Written by Dipanjana Dasgupta for Women’s Feature Service (WFS) and republished here in arrangement with WFS.

An Innovative Cooking Stove is Helping Villagers in Devastated Sunderbans Earn More & Live Better

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Servals, a social enterprise from Chennai, is helping villagers in the devastated Sunderbans area of West Bengal use an innovative cooking stove to save on firewood and earn extra income.  It was in 2009 when the severe Aila cyclone swept through the Sunderbans, West Bengal. It made the entire land area uncultivable and killed 70 percent of the cattle population. The sea water destroyed an entire paddy crop and forced the villagers to migrate to cities to look for alternative jobs. The men who stayed back in the villages opted for risky livelihood options like poaching and deforestation for honey farming. Women and children were also affected because due to the scarcity of firewood in nearby locations they had to go deep into the forest to collect wood, which exposed them to tiger attacks and other threats. This is when Servals Automation Pvt Ltd, a social enterprise based out of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, came into the picture. The organization provides sustainable energy efficient cooking solutions to consumers at the bottom of the social pyramid. [caption id="attachment_38942" align="aligncenter" width="631"]Servals introduced low cost cooking stoves which could also generate income for the villagers. Servals introduced low cost cooking stoves, which could also generate income for the villagers.[/caption]
“The cook stoves that they used earlier had just five percent thermal efficiency, which means that 95 percent of the energy generated by these stoves would get wasted. This required more firewood too. So we thought of coming up with a solution that not only reduces the amount of fuel used but also helps the villagers earn extra income,” says Moulindu Banerjee, the man behind the project.
The team helped the villagers install The Top Lit Updraft Gasifier (TLUD) stove. It is a stove with a double walled canister, which, when fed with any kind of biomass during the course of cooking (usually 30 min), would generate a by-product of precious biochar with huge commercial potential.

How does it work?

[caption id="attachment_38949" align="aligncenter" width="627"]The cookstove also generates a by-product of precious biochar. The cookstove also generates a by-product of precious biochar.[/caption] The canister is filled with the fuel material, which can be anything – firewood twigs, coconut shells, certain husks, dry grass, etc. A small quantity of starter material is put on top of this fuel bed and set on fire.
“Primary air for combustion comes from below through the fuel bed. The heat from the fire pyrolysis the biomass immediately below to form pyrolysis gases. These gases move up and get combusted with the pre-heated secondary air,” explains Moulindu.
Once the pyrolysis is over, a small quantity of charcoal is left behind at the bottom of the canister. This charcoal can then be collected and sold in the market to get some extra income. The TLUD stove uses around 75 percent of the energy generated from the heat, which is far more than from regular mud stoves. The firewood used in TLUD cook stoves is first chopped into small sizes and then filled in the container, which provides heat for at least 45 minutes. The stove works like an LPG stove and does not generate any smoke.
“The chores of getting the wood from the forest would fall on children and women. The process was a complete waste of time; they had to carry such heavy loads…these stoves have eliminated that as the amount of fuel required in these stoves is very less,” says Moulindu.
As compared to regular mud stoves, which required 15 kgs of firewood to cook one day’s meal, TLUD requires just 4 kgs of wood. Plus, the stove also produces charcoal that can be further sold in the market. 

Earn while you cook 

Servals After every cooking session, the families store the charcoal and in a month’s time they can easily collect around 15-20 kgs of charcoal. This charcoal is picked up by a charcoal entrepreneur every month and the families get paid for it. Servals has tied up with various charcoal users like restaurants, which use charcoal for their tandoors.
“We had to come up with a sustainable model where every month charcoal can be picked up and sold in the market. Since the villagers didn’t have much knowledge and connection with the charcoal market, we took up the responsibility of collection and selling of charcoal every month at the rate of Rs. 8 per month. We have employed around 25 rural youth who go door to door for charcoal collection,” Moulindu says.
Through this innovation, every family has been able to save around Rs. 300 to Rs. 400 monthly. This way they can recover the entire cost of the stove within a few months and then the stove becomes an income-generating asset for the family. The stove, which costs Rs. 2,500, is subsidised for the farmers and is available for Rs.1,000.
“We have asked the villagers to put the entire money earned or saved from the cook stove into a mud piggybank, which they can break monthly and save enough money to pay back the price of the stove. We don’t want to provide them the facility for free because then it will not be a sustainable model,” he says.

Reaching 9,000 families and more

servals3 Servals has distributed over 9,000 stoves so far and is looking to reach out to more people now. The life span of each stove is seven years and it requires no major maintenance.
“Servals is the first carbon project registered under gasification technology and the first to successfully implement charcoal buyback. The women have been successful in reducing their time spent to cook food and have become part-time earners by selling charcoal generated from the TLUD stove cooking to traditional charcoal users who were till now dependent on the charcoal from conventional kilns,” says the Servals team.
Additionally, over 150 women have become entrepreneurs using this model. Servals is also following an interesting model where one TLUD stove gives them four carbon credits in a year, which will fetch the team more money and enable them to provide more such stoves at cheaper rates.

The future

servals6 In the future, Servals wants to distribute over 30,000 stoves and empower more villagers to become entrepreneurs, using charcoal as an additional source of income.
“Our model has resulted in millions of rupees worth of activities, which include buying of chulhas, employing the rural youth, selling the charcoal, etc. So we have improved the economic status of a rural area and we are aiming to engage more people,” says Moulindu.
This interesting and simple idea has solved more than just one problem for the villagers in Sunderbans. Check out the Servals website for more information.

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Hit Hard by Climate Change, Rural Women In Sundarbans Turn Photographers

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In the Bengali language 'Sundarban' can be literally translated as 'beautiful forest'. A World Heritage Site, the area is the largest block of continuous mangrove forest in the world, being home to almost 500 species of reptile, fish, bird and mammals, including the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger.

Divided by a complex network of streams, rivers, tidal creeks and channels, the islands are home to 40 lakh people.

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The mangrove forests of the Sundarbans are an important biological shield against tropical storms and flooding for coastal communities on the Bay of Bengal.

Global warming is simultaneously inundating already unstable mangroves, intensifying storms and escalating disaster risk, with potentially devastating consequences for millions of people.

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A group of poor rural women in the remote parts of the Sundarbans, whose lives have been hit hard by climate change, have turned into photographers to record the hardship they face. In the three blocks of Patharpratima, Namkhana and Kultali, a group of 80 women who work in the fields, collect honey or catch fish, were given cameras under a research project by Future Health Systems and IIHMR University. A part of a global initiative on Sunderbans, the project is supported by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore in USA. Funded by UK Aid, the project used "photovoice", a visual-action research technique through which people can portray their community by photographing their daily lives. Under it, rudimentary training on how to use digital cameras, how to approach a picture subject, and getting people’s consent was given to these women, who have never even seen the digital device before.

The aim was for the women to capture the goings-on in the villages of Sunderbans in the absence of the researchers.

A woman rows through a dense canal to fish in the Sundarbans forest. The Sunderbans forest in Southern Bangladesh is the largest mangrove forest in the world. There are an estimated five hundred Royal Bengal tigers in the Sunderbans, and about fifty to sixty thousand people depend on the land, rivers and forest for their living. As climate change, hurricanes and cyclones continue to affect the area, the fresh water that once irrigated farmers fields has turned salty, rendering the fields useless. Many people live barely one meter above sea level. Because of rising sea levels and shrinking forest, humans and tigers are fighting for space. The farmers are forced into the forest to hunt for honey, fish, or collect crabs, putting them at risk for a tiger attack.
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The series of photographs clicked by these women aptly highlights several issues related life in Sunderbans by vividly portraying malnutrition, inadequate livelihood, pathetic access to healthcare services and lack of potable water, sanitation and hygiene in the archipelago.

The photos, released in a booklet ‘Climate Health And Resilience: A Photovoice Exploration In The Indian Sundarbans’ are stark and illuminating visual evidence of the plight of these isolated and vulnerable communities in Sunderbans.

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An evidence of the tough conditions the residents live in and the challenges they face on a daily basis, these photographs are being used to negotiate with authorities at panchayat and block level for better amenities and infrastructure.

Here are a few stories of the weather-beaten life in Sunderbans, as told by the photographs taken by the village women whose work have become important scientific research evidence.

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A photo clicked by Supriya Halder of Kultali showed a teenaged mother holding her underweight child. Girls in Sunderbans are married off early so that parents have a fewer number of family members to feed. Gayatri Bera of Namkhana has captured the migration of men from the Sunderbans due to the uncertainty caused by large-scale depletion of agricultural land, and the government ban on honey and prawn collection. Being mostly farmers and fishermen in their own homeland, they find no other job elsewhere than to work as daily wage earners in the booming construction sector. In some villages of Sunderbans, only a handful of men between the age of 16 and 60 years remain. A photo by Shibani Das of Patharpratima shows how a jetty, used by more than 1,000 people every day, has been lying in disrepair ever since it collapsed three months ago. Another shows a sliver of mud-road arching through a flooded area. This road, the only route to the primary health centre stays under water for most of monsoon. Taken by Sandhya Pramanik of Patharpratima, a photo captures the plight of a man who has been living in a makeshift hut of a bamboo structure for more than six years after his family and house were devastated in Cyclone Aila. Bandana Bera of Namkhana has photographed an old person being carried in a duli, fashioned out of a fishing net. In the absence of roads in most parts of her village, duli is what transports ailing people, pregnant women, sick children and the old and the infirm. With their work, women villagers of the Sundarbans have contributed directly to research and ensured that their voices are being heard by building awareness of the problems faced by poor communities in the fragile setting of the Indian Sundarbans. More imaginative and observant than pictures that are taken by experienced photographers, these photos explore the gaps in the infrastructure as seen from the bottom, which may not always be the same as the way the policy makers or external researchers like to see.

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This Little Known Himalayan Village Was the Much-Loved Summer Retreat of Rabindranath Tagore

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tranquil little village in the mountainous Kurseong sub division of North Bengal, Mongpu was a much-loved summer retreat of Nobel Laureate, Rabindranath Tagore.

Located at an elevation of 3,500-4000 feet, this Himalayan hamlet is also famous for its verdant tea estates, clear gurgling streams, orchid nurseries, and cinchona plantations.

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Although Mongpu does not offer a view of the mighty Kanchenjunga, it has a quaint charm and appeal of its own that attracted Tagore, who first came here on April 25, 1938. Falling in love with the calm beauty of the place, he spent many of his last years at Mongpu on the invitation of his protégé, Maitreyi Devi.

Maitreyi Devi was herself a renowned poet and novelist who wrote the famous Bengali novel Na Hanyate. She also recorded the poet's stay with her in her delightful book Mongpute Rabindranath, the English translation of which is called Tagore by The Fire Side.

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The house where Tagore stayed overlooked sprawling cinchona plantations and a quinine factory. The bungalow had been allotted to Maitreyi Devi’s husband, Dr. Manmohan Sen, who was the director of the quinine factory at the time.

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Delighted by the presence of the revered poet in their village, the locals of Mongpu celebrated Tagore’s 80th birthday with great enthusiasm. On Maitreyi Devi’s insistence, Tagore even wrote a new poem – the legendary “Janamadin.” The poet then recited this poem over the telephone from Kalimpong; All India Radio Calcutta broadcast it live all over India. Here are some evocative lines from this beautiful poem.
"In the dusk of this life Let me fill from the well of beauty And refresh for one last time my heart, body and soul Let me cast away all striving, all argument, all suspicion, all fame, all blind ambition."
There is an interesting anecdote about this historic broadcast. Mr Lionel Fielding was the director of All India Radio's Calcutta station at that time and he wanted to broadcast Tagore's poems, recited by the poet himself, live from Kalimgpong. With this in mind, he visited Mongpu several times to meet Tagore and organize the broadcast but the poet refused to see Fielding. Fielding finally related his predicament to Dr Sen who promised to arrange an appointment for him.  Dr Sen then went and asked the poet about his refusal to give Fielding an appointment.
" I don't like them. They play the harmonium," was Tagore's reply. The poet did not like this particular instrument as it could not reproduce the mir, an essential part of Indian music. Dr Sen conveyed the poet's feelings to Fielding. "Is that the only problem?" Mr. Fielding asked. "Yes," Dr Sen replied. "In that case, as of today, I am banning the harmonium on All India Radio," was Fielding's reply.
From that day on the harmonium remained banned from the studios of All India Radio till the mid-1970s. The ban was lifted only after a lot of pressure was exerted on the management of Akashvani by the Harmonium Manufacturer's Association to reintroduce the instrument. On his last visit to Mongpu in 1940, Tagore fell seriously ill and had to be shifted to Kolkata. He passed away the next year, leaving behind several of his possessions at the Mongpu residence.  Later on, the bungalow was converted into a museum by the government and named Rabindra Bhavan. The museum displays several priceless memoirs such as Tagore’s original artworks, his handwritten documents and old photographs. Interestingly, the museum also has furniture that was designed by Tagore and carved by his son, Rathindranath Tagore. The museum caretaker can be found chanting the poet’s compositions all day long as he takes visitors around the creaky old house. The bed in which Tagore slept is still there and has an inclined headrest that was specially made to help with his respiratory problem. His mahogany writing desk and chair face a window that has a gorgeous view of the lush green mountainside – it is easy to imagine the soothing effect of such tranquility on the nature-loving poet’s imagination.

The Rabindra Bhawan museum is a must stop on the itinerary of every literary pilgrim.

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Mongpu is also the place where the first government quinine factory was set up in the year 1864. Barks of cinchona plants, grown on several plantations in Mongpu were used to extract quinine, a medicinal compound used for curing malaria.

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The majority of the local population depended on the cinchona plantations for livelihood. However, with the advent of artificial quinine, natural extraction of quinine from cinchona has come down over the years.

Mongpu is also home to colourful orchid gardens, with the Mongpu Cymbidium Orchid Park (it has more than 150 varieties of orchids!) being a must visit.

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The Kalijhora waterfall is another scenic picnic spot near Mongpu. Gushing from a height of 550 feet, the black spray of the waterfall pours into the clear blue waters of the river Teesta at the northern edge of the Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary.

There is also a picturesque Buddhist monastery, the Dinchhen Sherap Chhoeling Gompa, perched on a hillock that overlooks the bustling bazaar of Shanti Chowk in Mongpu. A small winding stairway from the market leads up to the serene little monastery.

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So, if you are bibliophile who would love to experience a slice of literary history accompanied by gorgeous views of verdant hills, head to this Himalayan village that inspired Tagore. How to Reach Mongpu: Mongpu can be reached either from Darjeeling through Peshok Road, or from the Sikkim Bengal National Highway 31A by taking a diversion near Rambhi Bazar. The nearest railway station from Mongpu is the New Jalpaiguri station and the airport closest to the region is the Bagdogra Airport. Accommodation: Not being a typical tourist destination, there are few choices for accommodation in Mongpu. However, tourists wishing to stay here can avail the home stay facilities provided by the residents of the village.
You May Also LikeIn This Tiny Karnataka Village, Farmers and Shopkeepers Debate over Shakespeare and Kalidas

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Village Girls in WB Boldly Discuss Female Health Issues, Thanks to a Progressive Health Centre

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A municipality adolescent health centre is diligently working towards the much neglected health issues of adolescent girls in the small town of Budge Budge in West Bengal. Here's how. When Priyanka Das, a resident of Budge Budge, a small municipal town just outside West Bengal’s state capital, Kolkata, was in her early teens, she went through an extremely trying time. Although she was forced to miss school on account of ill health, she never breathed a word about it to anyone at home – not even to her mother, who she knew could not afford to take her to a doctor. Her family was living in dire poverty – her father had been unwell and their household was running on her mother's meagre income as a vegetable vendor. Whatever cash could be spared was being spent on her father’s medication.

Meanwhile Priyanka, who was suffering from a low appetite, constant stomach aches and irregular periods – considered as “feminine problems” not to be discussed openly – continued to bear her agony in silence.

[caption id="attachment_62687" align="aligncenter" width="1000"]Women_BudgeBudge Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS[/caption] That was until a few of her friends managed to convince her to overcome her hesitation and visit their local municipal health centre. It was Priyanka’s mother, egged on by the teenager’s friends, who took her to the Budge Budge municipality’s heath centre, where she was first counselled by health workers about health issues and problems commonly faced by young girls and later given treatment. All that the youngster needed to get better, were some deworming capsules and iron supplements and she never missed even a single day of school after that. And as a way of thanking those at the clinic for their help, she regularly takes out time to volunteer there. Like Priyanka, Sharifa Khatoon is also grateful for the support the health centre rendered when she was in need. Sharifa, too, was brought in by her friends who had tempted her by saying, “you will not just be treated by competent doctors, but will get a small amount of money too”.

The Budge Budge municipality adolescent health centre, located about 30 kilometres from Kolkata, has come as a boon for many young girls of the region, who are either neglected or overlooked by their families because of social and economic constraints or sheer ignorance.

[caption id="attachment_62689" align="aligncenter" width="1000"]Budge_counselling Credit: Saadia Azim\WFS[/caption] Dr P.B. Chowdhury, former health officer of Budge Budge municipality, shares, “Most girls shy away from talking about their health. They need counselling about their health priorities.” Creating awareness, according to Chowdhury, makes a huge difference to their lives. The centre, run by the state government's Change Management Unit (CMU) and the Kolkata Urban Services of the Poor (KUSP), improves health awareness among adolescent girls by taking primary health care to their doorstep. The state government had collaborated with the Development Fund for International Development (DFID) to set up the KUSP project that provides basic services to the urban poor in various municipal areas. In the slums, where sanitation is a distant dream and a good meal a carefully veiled desire, health usually isn’t accorded any attention. The idea behind setting up a centre like this was to raise basic health concerns of the women in the community and encourage young women from the locality to volunteer as health workers. These workers initially counsel girls and then persuade them to attend a workshop. As an added benefit, a small monetary incentive is given to cover their transportation expenses as well as a compensation for a day’s wages.
"Most of the girls in the Budge Budge municipality work as daily wage labourers in various sewing projects nearby and are therefore hesitant to come, since they lose one day's income. So it needs lots of coaxing and persuasion. But the compensation helps,” reveals Kanon Mondal, a health worker, who lives in the vicinity.
Once a girl agrees to participate for the training, she attends a short workshop, where at the outset each participant's detailed performance is filled out, including a description of her family background, dietary habits and health details. According to Dr Chowdhury, “Most of the problems are sorted out from these records itself. We have found that either these girls are anaemic or suffer from hookworm infestations. Once treated, they become fine.” Thereafter, the girls are counselled specifically on issues related to marriage, sex, children, family planning and socio-economic issues. “It was only after attending one of these counselling sessions that I understood that if a mother’s health is fine, her child will definitely be healthy,” says Rashida Khatoon, who has eight brothers and three sisters. Rashida put her newfound knowledge to good use. “I protested against a proposal to get my sister married early,” she shares. The awareness building has also made these teenagers less inhibited about discussing their specific health problems, not just amongst friends but also with the women members of their families. Talking of hygiene and being cautious about good sanitation practices has become a matter of priority for them.

Participation in health camps has increased and girls are increasingly expressing their opposition to early marriage and motherhood.

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“I got married before 18 but after visiting the centre I decided to wait until 20 to have my first child,” says Rachana, who is now a happy mother. “I had to plead with my husband a lot but he finally realised what I was saying was for the betterment of our family,” she adds. Of course, although these centres target the girls of the community, the boys appear to be left out. According to Dr Chowdhury, this is because girls tend to be subject to far more neglect than boys within families, and need special attention. He adds, “In any case, girls have been found to be more receptive to counselling, and attempt to change behaviour patterns at home.”

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About the author: Written by Saadia Azim for Women’s Feature Service (WFS) and republished here in arrangement with WFS.

School in the Cloud: This Solar Powered Virtual School Is Helping Kids Learn in Sunderbans

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Located about 110 kms from Kolkata, Korakati lies deep inside Sunderbans, a mangrove forest with a complex network of streams, rivers, creeks and channels that rise and ebb with the tidal flow of the Bay of Bengal. The village economy is primarily dependent on fishing, paddy farming and harvesting forest produce, but most residents live below the poverty line. This village is hardly the kind of place most people would seek out to try and build a high-tech learning lab. But then again, Professor Sugata Mitra is not most people.

Today, Sugata Mitra’s first independent, solar-powered learning lab, School in the Cloud, is making learning fun in this small village located in the mangrove swamps.

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In 1999, Professor Sugata Mitra was the chief scientist at NIIT when he set up the first ‘hole in the wall’ learning lab for street children. In the experiment, he placed an internet enabled computer in a Delhi slum and left it there to see whether children from the area would acquire basic computer skills if left on their own with the computer. To his surprise, groups of street children, with no knowledge of English, taught themselves not only how to use the computer but also a new language.

Fourteen years of research since then continue to support his startling results — groups of children, with access to the Internet, can learn almost anything by themselves. This experiment later came to be known as ‘Hole in the Wall’ and won Mitra the TED Prize in 2013.

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In February 2013, a local schoolteacher from Korakati travelled to Kolkata, crossing miles of rugged terrain on a rickshaw, in order to meet the education pioneer face-to-face. Talking to TED, Mitra said:
“Early one morning in February 2013, a man turned up on my doorstep who had travelled through the night to get there. This schoolteacher wanted to do something positive for his village, which had no electricity, health care or primary education … It was just the kind of place I was looking for."
It didn’t take much to convince Mitra that Korakati would be the perfect spot to build a School in the Cloud. It would be the fourth of the 7 Self Organised Learning (SOLEs) locations that he planned set up under his $1 million TED Prize-funded project on non-conventional education for children. The project partners also included, among others, UK’s Newcastle University, where Mitra was a professor of educational technology, and software giant Microsoft. Self-Organised Learning Environments (SOLEs) are learning labs where children can explore, learn and search for answers by tapping into online resources. Not only does this project improve children’s reading comprehension and search skills, it also enables them to draw rational and logical conclusions.

Through this platform, children also get to interact with online ‘grannies’ to engage in a wide range of informal activities; 'grannies' are a group of retired teachers (mostly from UK) who are available over Skype to help mentor and guide the children as they explore information.

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Professor Mitra, who wants to inspire learning through self-instruction and peer-shared knowledge, said:
“What we are looking at is minimally invasive learning, and not unguided learning. Until it can replace the conventional learning system, it can complement it.”
Korakati’s School in the Cloud is also a SOLE. But unlike other SOLEs that are attached to schools, the one at Korakati is the the first to be a stand alone model.

Nestled between traditional village huts, fields and mangrove swamps, the stark learning lab stands out against the lush backdrop like a cloud.

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The remotest SOLE ever built, it had to be equipped with a 40 feet bamboo tower receiver in order to get the necessary data bandwidth for Internet. Constructed on land donated by a local schoolteacher, the school-cum-lab has around 150 local students from all over Sunderbans, including 49 regular ones whose activities and development are documented for research by two local coordinators. Some students walk to school and some cycle over 10 km to attend the classes. Ritu Dangwal, the project coordinator of School in the Cloud, said:
“It was our effort to see whether we can leverage technology for learning in a largely tribal, underprivileged belt; if our model can work in the Sunderbans, it’ll work anywhere.”
The children at Korakati use the Internet to learn many things with help from the 'grannies'. For example, the children have taught themselves origami using YouTube, helped by a 'granny' on Skype. A day at the school also includes sessions where a question is posed to the children who have to then surf the Internet for answers. The children gather into groups and access sites such as thescientificamerican.com and verywell.com through Google. They then translate difficult English words into Bengali using Google Translate before jotting down important points for their answers. The coordinators don’t intervene in the search at all!

As a result, students of the Korakati  School in the Cloud have shown remarkable improvement in English speech, reading, comprehension, Internet literacy, collaboration, and consensus-building. Motivated by curiousity and peer interest, these children are teaching themselves and each other. This is far ahead of what is expected of them in a regular school curriculum!

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Interestingly, the impact of the virtual school and 'granny' sessions is very visible, not only on the children but even on the local Bengali coordinators; the proof lies in their improved English speaking skills. Korakati's School in the Cloud has been embraced by the locals of Sunderbans with open arms and a sense of nervous anticipation for what is to come. When asked by the members of the School in the Cloud team about their virtual school, this is what the children said:
"We feel that we come to a temple when we come to this school. In front of this school, there are flowering plants. And we love to see them. We want to come everyday. There are fireflies on a big bokul tree, which we can see at night. We can learn new things and see new things. We also like to talk to the people from overseas. We had fun with the granny who came here but we could not understand what she was saying in English. However, we will try to understand and learn."
By helping the children of Sunderbans engage and connect with information and mentoring online, Sugata Mitra's School in the Cloud project has taken another giant step towards its dream of encouraging and supporting children all over the world to tap into their innate sense of wonder.
Also ReadMY STORY: How a High Schooler Used English to Change Lives in an Entire Village

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#Travel Tales: Exploring Tagore’s Santiniketan, an Abode of Learning Unlike Any in the World

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She is our own, the darling of our hearts, Santiniketan. In the shadows of her trees we meet in the freedom of her open sky. Our dreams are rocked in her arms. Her face is a fresh wonder of love every time we see her, for she is our own, the darling of our hearts." -  Rabindranath Tagore
Located about 158 km northwest of Kolkata in Bengal's rural hinterland, Santiniketan embodies Rabindranath Tagore's vision of a place of learning that is unfettered by religious and regional barriers. Established in 1863 with the aim of helping education go beyond the confines of the classroom, Santiniketan grew into the Visva Bharati University in 1921, attracting some of the most creative minds in the country.

From its very inception, Santiniketan was lovingly modelled by Tagore on the principles of humanism, internationalism and a sustainable environment.

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He developed a curriculum that was a unique blend of art, human values and cultural interchange. Even today, in every step, in every brick and in every tree at Santiniketan, one can still feel his presence, his passion, his dedication and his pride in the institution.

This is the fascinating story of how the rural paradise of Santiniketan, Tagore's erstwhile home, became a thriving centre of art, education and internationalism over the years.

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In 1862, Maharishi Debendranath Tagore, father of Rabindranath, was taking a boat ride through Birbhum, the westernmost corner of Bengal, when he came across a landscape that struck him as the perfect place for meditation. Captivated by the kaleidoscopic beauty of the luxuriantly canopied chhatim trees and palm groves that offered shade in the rugged, red coloured terrain, he bought the large tract of land that had charmed him, built a small house and planted some saplings around it. At that time, the area was called Bhubandanga after a local dacoit named Bhuban Dakat, but Debendranath Tagore decided to call the place Santiniketan, or the 'abode of peace', because of the serenity it brought to his soul. In 1863, he turned it into a spiritual centre where people from all religions, castes and creeds came and participated in meditation. In the years that followed, Debendranath’s son Rabindranath went on to become one of the most formidable literary forces India has ever produced. As one of the earliest educators to think in terms of the global village, he envisioned an education that was deeply rooted in one’s immediate surroundings but connected to the cultures of the wider world.

With this in mind, on December 22, 1901, Rabindranath Tagore established an experimental school at Santiniketan with five students (including his eldest son) and an equal number of teachers. He originally named it Brahmacharya Ashram, in the tradition of ancient forest hermitages called tapoban.

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The guiding principle of this little school is best described in Tagore's own words,
“The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence."
Located in the heart of nature, the school aimed to combine education with a sense of obligation towards the larger civic community. Blending the best of western and traditional eastern systems of education, the curriculum revolved organically around nature with classes being held in the open air. Tagore wanted his students to feel free despite being in the formal learning environment of a school, because he himself had dropped out of school when he found himself unable to think and felt claustrophobic within the four walls of a classroom.

At Patha Bhavan, as the school later came to be known, children sat on hand-woven mats beneath trees that they were allowed to climb and run beneath during breaks.

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Nature walks and excursions were a part of the curriculum, special attention was paid to natural phenomena and students were encouraged to follow the life cycles of insects, birds and plants. Other than such everyday subjects, emphasis was also given to vocational education. Flexible class schedules allowed for shifts in the weather and the seasonal festivals Tagore created for the children.
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In an attempt to help with rural reconstruction, Tagore also sought to expand the school's relationship with the neighbouring villages of the Santhal tribal community. Thanks to his efforts, Santiniketan has today become the largest centre for educated Santhals in West-Bengal. Many of them have become teachers, several serving in Visva Bharati itself, while others have become social workers. Santiniketan can be credited with taking the first path breaking steps in the field of education at a time when the country was slowly getting hitched to the European mode of education (textual and exam oriented knowledge imparted in closed classrooms).

Other than a humane and environment friendly educational system that aimed at overall development of the personality, Santiniketan also offered one of the earliest co-educational programmes in South Asia.

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In the year 1913, Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his book of poems Gitanjali. The award enhanced the prestige of Santiniketan and in 1921, Tagore converted the little school into a university called the Visva Bharati. The motto that Tagore chose for the Visva Bharati University, Yatra visvam bhavatyekanidam (where the whole world can find a nest), reflected his aspirations for the institution.

The University offers courses in humanities, social science, science, fine arts, music, performing arts, education, agricultural science, and rural reconstruction. Its art college, Kala Bhavan, is widely considered to be one of the best art colleges in the world.

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Tagore was one of the first to support and bring together different forms of arts at Santiniketan. He invited artists and scholars from other parts of India and all over the world to live together at Santiniketan on a daily basis and share their cultures with the students of Visva Bharati. He once wrote:
“Without music and the fine arts, a nation lacks its highest means of national self-expression and the people remain inarticulate."
Tagore encouraged artists such as Nandalal Bose to take up residence at Santiniketan and devote themselves full-time to promoting a national form of art. He helped revive folk dances and introduced dance forms from other parts of India, such as Manipuri, Kathak and Kathakali, at Santiniketan. He also supported modern dance and was one of the first to recognise the talents of Uday Shankar, who was invited to perform at Santiniketan.
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At Tagore’s behest, annual festivals such as Basant Utsav and  Poush Utsav became important cultural events, with students and teachers of Santiniketan playing an active role.

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The grand Poush Utsav is celebrated on the Foundation Day of the University, while the colourful Basant Utsav is celebrated on the occasion of Holi. The Nandan Mela, which was originally started to raise money for a poor student who needed money for treatment, is today an event where university students display and sell their art. Other events like the Sarodotsav (Autumn Festival), Maghotsav (Founding Day of the Sriniketan campus) and Brikhsharopan Utsav (Tree Planting Festival) are also celebrated with great pomp and fervour.

On all these occasions, the entire campus has a festive atmosphere, with baul (traditional wandering minstrels of Bengal) songs, tribal dances, and other cultural performances being organised throughout the township.

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Encouraged by Tagore, rural artisans would bring their wares, like batik printed materials, the famous Santiniketan leather bags, earthenware, wooden iktaras, terracotta jewellery and paintings to these festivals, while urban counterparts would set up stalls where rural folk could buy industrially-produced goods from the cities.

Thanks to Tagore’s legacy, Santiniketan has managed to preserve Bengal's fast-disappearing rural crafts culture through folk markets, like the weekly Bondangaar Haat, and rural co-operatives, like Amar Kutir.

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Another unique feature of Santiniketan is its lush greenery and aesthetically laid out campus, which stands testimony to Tagore’s belief that the close connect between man and nature should be the founding principle of education.

 The mud buildings, the frescoes and tree-lined avenues have a distinct architectural style, the hallmark of which is a dynamic simplicity.

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The Uttarayan Complex in Santiniketan holds five homes that Tagore lived in at various stages of his life. Konark, the first home to be built, was used as a venue for poetry recitations and play rehearsals, while Shyamali (an ecofriendly mud house) was an experiment by Tagore to see if a permanent mud roof could be built. The outer walls of the houses in the Uttarayan Complex are decorated with mud murals painted by students of Kala Bhavana in 1935 under the supervision of the famous painter Nandalal Bose.

The Uttarayan complex has also hosted many famous people, including Mahatma Gandhi, who stayed here in 1940.

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The complex also houses Rabindra Bhavan Museum or the Bichitra. Designed by Tagore's son, Rathindranath, the museum displays several original manuscripts, photographs, gifts Tagore received on his travels, letters (including Tagore's hand written letter refusing to accept knighthood), and his Nobel Prize medallion and citation. In 2004, his original Nobel medal was stolen from the premises and has since been replaced with a replica. Some other notable places of historical and cultural interest are Santiniketan Griha - the building where most poems of Gitanjali were composed, the Upasana Griha - a deityless Belgium glass temple, the Amra Kunja (mango grove) where spring festivals are held, Dinantika - the tea club where teachers and staff would gather for a chat, and Teen Pahar - where baby Rabindranath once made three hillocks of pebbles.Shal Bithi, a mud path lined with a row of Shal trees, was the favourite walking route of Tagore at Santiniketan.

While Chaitya is a small mud and coal-tar house (resembling a typical thatched Bengali hut) that showcases art work by university students, Taladhwaj is a round mud hut, built around the trunk of a toddy palm, with palm leaves stretching out over its thatched roof.

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Also, 2 km away from Santiniketan is Sriniketan, the part of Visva Bharati that is devoted to rural reconstruction.

Here, there are cottage industries that specialise in pottery, leatherwork, batik print and woodwork.

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Other than its vibrant festivals and eclectic architecture, what makes Santiniketan really special is the fact that Visva Bharati University gives complete artistic freedom to its students. In line with Tagore's immortal words, "Where the head is held high, and knowledge is free," the college knows that freedom to acquire knowledge also means the freedom to work whenever a student feels like.

This is why, at Santiniketan, the studios are open 24x7 for students who want to work.

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This ground-breaking outlook is also the reason why Santiniketan has given India many luminaries like pioneering painter Nandalal Bose, famous sculptor Ramkinkar Baij, Nobel-winning economist Amartya Sen, globally renowned filmmaker Satyajit Ray, and the country's leading art historian R. Siva Kumar. The University also has several eminent international alumni that include Indonesian painter Affandi, Italian Asianist Giuseppe Tucci, Chinese historian Tan Chung, eminent Indologist Moriz Winternitz, and Sri Lankan artist Harold Peiris, among many others. Pouring his creative genius into his work, Tagore himself produced some of his best literary works, paintings and sketches at Santiniketan.

Over the years, Santiniketan has adapted to the changing times. But the essence of the place is still what Tagore wanted it to be.

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The Nobel Laureate's life, philosophy and literary works find their greatest reflection in Santiniketan, where classes are still taught in the open, where nature and its seasons are still celebrated instead of religious festivals, where the graduation ceremony is marked by the gifting of a chhatim leaf, and where education is rooted in Tagore's philosophy that "the whole world can find a nest." Falling way outside the strict definition of an academic university, Santiniketan, an educational institution with a difference, is arguably Tagore's greatest work and a legacy India has to live up to. As Tagore wrote in his last letter to Mahatma Gandhi,
"Visva Bharati is like a vessel carrying the cargo of my life's best treasure and I hope it may claim special care from my countrymen for its preservation."
How to reach Santiniketan The distance from Kolkata to Santiniketan is about 182 km. Santiniketan is well connected to Kolkata via road and rail. By Rail: The nearest station is Bolpur. Take the Visva-Bharati Fast Passenger or Rampurhat Express from Howrah to reach Bolpur within 2.5 hours. By Road: If you follow the Durgapur Expressway, it takes approximately 4 hours to reach Santiniketan. Buses to Bolpur are available from Esplanade bus terminal in Kolkata When to visit Visit during winter, when the weather is pleasant and perfect for long strolls, or during the monsoon, when the lush countryside paints itself in every hue of green. Summers here can get very hot and humid. Where to stay Several options are available, ranging from basic homestays and pretty guest houses to family-friendly holiday resorts.
Also Read: This Mysterious Himachal Village Was a Meeting Point for Famous Artists, Potters and Actors

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